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Motivation and Emotion (Motivation is the process by which the activities…
Motivation and Emotion
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Why people eat
Hunger: impacted by insulin response; insulin normally released more after onset of eating, reduces level of glucose in bloodstream; glucagon increases level of glucose
Maladaptive eating
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Obesity: body weight 20% or more over ideal significantly impacted by genetics, overeating, exercise, and changes in metabolism
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Set points
Weight set point: particular level of weight that the body tries to maintain, affected by hypothalamus and metabolism
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Motivation is the process by which the activities are started directed and continued so that physical/psychological needs are met
Extrinsic motivation: type of motivation in which a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from or external to the person
Intrinsic motivation: type of motivation in which a person performs an action because the act itself is rewarding or satisfying in some internal manner
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Psychological needs: Dweck suggested that the need for achievement is linked to a person's view of self and locus of control
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Humanistic: based primarily on Maslow's hierarchy of needs primary basic needs must be met before higher levels can be met
Self determination theory: similar to Maslow's hierarchy: three universal needs are autonomy, competence and relatedness
Relatedness: need to feel a sense of belonging, intimacy, and security in relationships with others
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Self actualization: point at which people have sufficiently satisfied the lower needs and achieved their full human potential
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Theories of emotion
Early theories
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James Lange theory: suggests that specific stimuli result in physical arousal and leads to labeling of the emotion
Facial feedback hypothesis suggests facial expressions provide feedback to the brain that can intensify or cause a specific emotion
Cognitive theories
Cognitive arousal theory: suggests that physiological arousal and actual interpretation of that arousal based on cues from the environment must occur before the emotion itself is experienced
Cognitive mediational theory: places the emphasis on the cognitive appraisal and interpretation of the stimulus that causes the emotional reaction