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Biology Unit 2 (Cells Significance (Amoeba Sisters Notes) (Cells have…
Biology Unit 2
Cells Significance (Amoeba Sisters Notes)
Many cells have different functions
Cells have different strucures
dependable on cell types
Important that there is difference
Plant cells Example
Epidermis layer dependable on where the plant is
How Does Cell Structure and Specialisation Relate to Function?
Stem Cells
can self-renew to produce more stem cells
they can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialised cell types
are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms
Pluripotent
(of an immature cell or stem cell) capable of giving rise to several different cell types.
Differentiation of cells
Process where stem cells become specialised
All cells within organisms excluding sex cells have the same genetic information in their genes
Cells have one function for life
Autotrophs
Use energy of sunlight
Make oganic materials from water etc
Producers in the food chain
Green plants and algae
Heterotroph
Rely on other organism
Supply of organic molecules
Consumers and decomposers
Obtain nutrients from living environment
Multicellular Organisms
Us
Specialised functions
Functional organisaton
Larger organisms made of small cells
Different types of cells
Non Vascular Plants
Don't have systems
Simplest plants
Must absorb nutrients from surface of leaves
Vascular plants
Vascular system responsible for transport and distribution of organic compounds.
Contains organs and systems
Root system
Anchor plant and absorb water
Epidermal cells in the roots
Flat cells increases the surface area
Water into roots by osmosis
Mineral ions into the roots- diffusion
Shoot system
Composed of stems and leaves
Provides support
Transports roots and leaves
Dermal tissue
Leaves
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Very specialised depending on environment
Move to pick up sunlight
Thin = good diffusion
Large surface area to absorb light (photosynthesis)
Epidermis layer 1, mesophyll 2, spngy messophyll
Xylem and phloem cells in leaf structure
Colonial organisms
Are made of a group of identical single cell organisms collectively called a colony.
Specialised cells
More efficient
How do cells become specialised? (Amoeba Sisters Notes)
Stem cells are like blank slates
Contain most of your DNA
Transcription factors
Internal and External cues
Can become other cells
Mammals
Occurs in lungs
Convolution
Desication
Aveoli
Occurs through thin walls of alveoli
Plentiful supply of blood
Air is moved in and out of the lungs