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Gerardo Hurtado - Lymphatic Immune System (Lymphatic structure (Spleen…

- - - - Self cells or APCs displaying foreign antigens bind to T cells.
      - Interleukins (secreted by APCs or helper T cells) costimulate activation of T cells.
      - If MHC‐I and endogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells displaying the antigens.
      - If MHC‐II and exogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing helper T cells. Helper T cells release interleukins (and other cytokines), which stimulate B cells to produce antibodies that bind to the antigens and stimulate nonspecific agents (NK and macrophages) to destroy the antigens.
  - - - Antigens bind to B cells.
      - Interleukins or helper T cells costimulate B cells. In most cases, both an antigen and a costimulator are required to activate a B cell and initiate B cell proliferation.
      - B cells proliferate and produce plasma cells. The plasma cells bear antibodies with the identical antigen specificity as the antigen receptors of the activated B cells. The antibodies are released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens.
      - B cells produce memory cells. Memory cells provide future immunity.
- - - - Basophils
        
        Secrete substances - bring about inflammation
      - Eosinophils
        
        Phagocyte - allergens + parasites
      - Neutrofils
        
        Phagocyte - bacteria
    - - Monocytes
        
        Largest type
        
        Main function: phagocytosis & antigen
      - Lymphocytes
        
        Natural killer cells
        
        T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes
  - - - Destroy antigens
        
        Remove & "recyling" of erythrocytes
    - - Upper left quadrant
    - - Reticular tissue
  - - - Produce T-cells - destroy infected or cancerous cells.
    - - Anterior superior mediastinum, anterior to heart & superior to sternum.
    - - Epithelial tissue
  - - - Trap invading cells viruses - destroy them & make memory lymphocytes
    - - Palatine tonsils
        
        Pharyngeal tonsils
        
        Lingual tonsils
        
        Tubal tonsils
  - - - - Cervical
        - Axillary
        - Inguinal
        - Mammary
    - - - Several afferent lymph vessels
        - 1 or 2 efferent lymph vessels
        - Made of reticular tissue - provides a lot of spaces
    - - - Take in lymph - destroys antigens (foreign cells)
  - - - Regulate mucosal immunity
        
        Initiates immune responses to specific antigens encountered along mucosal surfaces
    - - Digestive system
        
        Respiratory system
        
        Urinary system
        
        Reproductive system