Central executive- monitors coordinates all other mental functions in working memory

Episodic memory- receives input from many sources, temporarily stores this information, and then integrates it in order to construct a mental episode of what is being experienced.

Phonological loop- codes speech sounds in working memory, typically involving maintenance rehearsal (repeating the words over and over again). This is why this component of working memory is referred to as a 'loop'/

Visuo-spatial sketchpad- codes visual information in terms of separate objects as well as the arrangement of these objects in one's visual field.

Working memory model- an explanation of the memory used when working on a task. Each store is qualitatively different.

The executive functions like the people in the control tower at an airport. There are only a few people there and they focus their attention on the most important tasks, such as planes that are taking off and landing. However, if a problem arises in relation to a routine task (such as baggage falling off a truck) they are ready to take control- they keep an eye on everything that is going on and deal with the tasks requiring attention.

Added to the model to explain why some patients with amnesia can remember passages from a book when tested fairly immediately despite having no long-term recall

Top sportspeople rely of efficient visuo-spatial processing in working memory. For example, Wayne Gretzky (probably the greatest ice hockey player ever) scored a goal on one occasion by hitting the puck so it bounced off the goalie's back and into the goal. He was able to visualise the spatial relationship between objects even when the objects were in motion.

'Phonological' relates to sound. 'Phono' is like a phone- a telephone carries sound. You are undoubtedly familiar with the effects of phonological loop - if you are watching your favourite TV show and your mother tries to speak to you, you find it difficult to listen to both at the same time. This is because of the limited capacity of the phonological loop.

Evidence for the phonological loop and articulation process