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Prosocial Behaviour (Prosocial Behaviours (Dunfield (2014), Helping…
Prosocial Behaviour
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Behaviours in Infancy
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Helping and cooperation
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Why are infants helpful?
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Hyp 2
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Two phases to help
1 - three condition after child helped: material reward, verbal praise + neutral (said nothing)
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Help because they want to, not for reward
Hyp 3
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Phase 2: measure prosocial behaviour - lost balloon after giving to infant, sharing balloons
Behaviour in adolescence
Prosocial
Van de Bos et al (2010)
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Increase in sophisticated prosocial behaviour (links to egocentricism, persepective-taking)
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Prosocial reasoning
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Longitudinal study - 15-26yrs, questionnaire + interview
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Debates
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Naturally selfish and need to be taught to be kind OR are they innately kind and later become selfish?
Naturally kind - decisions making processes become more advanced with age so potentially get more selfish
Naturally selfish - focus of the self "mine", sharing has to be taught
Behaviour in Childhood
Prosocial
Share selectively?
Brownell et al (2009)
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25 mnths = silent at chance, vocal are sig more likely to share
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Selectively prosocial?
Vaish et al (2010)
Study 1
3 yr olds witness adult harm or help another adult, plus neutral adult is present
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Results: 3 yrs were less likely to help the adult who had been harmful - selectivity, punishing a they have been harmful
Study 2
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Results: 3 yr olds help less when the harm is intentional - selective depending on intent behind actions
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Strategically prosocial
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5 yr olds act more generously only when they're being watched or when the observer knows how generous they are being
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Sharing equally
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Blake + McAuliffe (2011)
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Accept or reject (1:1, 4:1)
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