CH14 Lymphatic System
Introduction & 14.1 - Distinguish b/t nonspecific and specific defense mechanisms.
Primary organs : Bone marrow and Thymus gland
Secondary organs : Lymph nodes and Spleen
Pathogens (Don't allow to divide) : Various microorganisms that cause disease in humans including viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites
Nonspecific defenses (Innate born with) : Don't distinguish b/t one potential threat from another. "Everything"
Specific defenses : Lymphocytes organize a defense against a particular type of pathogen. (Acquired) "Sick with vaccination"
14.2 - Identify the major components of the lymphoid system and explain the functions
- Lymphocytes
- Lymphoid Tissue (nodules)
- Lymph
- Lymphoid Organs (spleen, thymus, and nodes)
- Lymphatic Vessels
The spleen filters in the blood. (Red blood cells and Pathogens)
B cells mature in the bone. T cells mature in the thymus.
Lymphatic Capillaries
Associated with anchoring filaments. Serve an important function during edema. (Keeps from collapsing)
Lymphatic Vessels
Have walls similar to veins and posses valves that prevent back flow of lymph.
Collecting Ducts
Right lymphatic duct drains the right upper body. (25% of total body fat)
Thoracic left duct drains the remaining 75%
Lymphocytes
Types of circulating lymphocytes :
B cells
NK cells
T cells
Thymus
Atrophy in size
the thymus is the site of maturation of T cells
Spleen
White pulp : surrounded by white cells
Red pulp : Blood filled sinuses
14.3 List the body's nonspecific defenses and explain each functions
Infection is caused by the presence and multiplication of pathogens. Pathogens are viruses and microorganisms that cause disease.
Innate = 1st and 2nd lines of defense
Adaptive = 3rd line of defense
Physical barriers, immunological surveillance, Interferons, The complement system, Inflammation, Fever
Types of acquired immunity
Induced passive
Natural passive
Induced active
Natural active
14.4 Define specific resistance, identify the forms and properties of immunity and distinguish b/t cell mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity
Natural acquired active immunity
Person who encounters a live pathogen
Adaptive defenses
Protection against particular disease causing agents.
Antigen
Substance that causes the formation of antibody and reacts with that specific antibody.
T cells
Respond to antigens directly
Secrete cytokines to enhance other immune responses to antigens
Colony stimulating
Stimulate bone marrow to produce lymphocytes
Interferons
Block viral replication, stimulate macrophages to engulf viruses, stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
14.5 Different types of T cells and their roles in the immune response
Cytotoxic T cells
NK cells
Memory T cells
Helper T cells
Destroy tumor cells
Recognize foreign antigens on tumor cells and virus infected cells
Immediate response against subsequent exposure to same antigen
Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
14.6 Discuss B cell sensitization, activation, and differentiation
B cells interact with antigen bearing agents by secreting proteins called antibodies
Different types of immunoglobulins
IgM : Produced in blood transfusion. "one"
IgD : Surface of most B cells
IgG : Only antibody to cross placenta
IgE : Allergies
IgA : Gland secretions, breast milk
14.7 List and explain examples of disruptions of the normal immune response
Antibody dependent cytotoxic allergic reactions (2)
Immune complex allergic reactions (3)
Delayed reaction allergy (4)
Immediate reaction allergy (1)
Transplantation and Tissue Rejection
Xenografts
Allografts
Autografts
Isografts