REPRODUCTION (I)
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction
Gonads
In males: Testes. In females: Ovaries
Organs that produce gametes
Gametes
In males: Spermatozoons. In females: ovaries
Sexual cells required for reproduction
Is the vital function for generating new individuals
Puberty
Changes
Female
Fats are storaged, curves are formed, hips get wider...
Male
Voice gets lower, muscles develop, hair grows in different body parts, general growth of the body...
Sexual characteristics
Secondary
Sexual hormones are involved: testosterone and oestrogen
Since puberty
Primary
Since embrionary development
At the beginning we are all female
Since you develop in a male or a female
Is a period of changes in adolescense. It triggers physical and mental changes
Sexuality
Gendre
Is the sexual condition: male and female
Sex
Is a natural act between two individuals that feel atraction
All the experiences related to sex
Process of birth
- The gametes are released
- The gametes join into a zygote
- The zygote divides into different cells to create a body. These cells are called the embryo
- The baby borns and it grows into a child, then a teenager, then an adult and finally into an old man
- A baby is finally formed
Ovulation and menstruation
Ovulation
The ovule is released in the middle of the cycle. It's formed inside a follicle
Schedule
Days 8-12: Not fertile but not bleeding
Days 13-15: Ovulation and fertile
Days 1-7: Menstruation
Days 16-28: The follicle is expelled
Is the process by which women produce ovules. It takes 28 days.
Ovulation process
The pitutary gland releases two hormones
FSH: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
LH: Luteum Hormone
- The follicles grow up and release oestrogens
- The uterus become thicker
- They reach the ovaries
- The ovulation is produced
- The ovule is released and 2 things could happen
- They reach the ovaries
A: No fertilisation
B: Fertilisation
The cycle starts again
2: Pregnancy and birth
1: The corpus luteum release oestrogen and progestorene
Sterility and assisted reproduction
Sterility
Assisted reproduction
Is a problem by which can not have offspring
They could be caused by problems of movility or lack of spermatozoons
Artificial insemination
Problems in male
Problems in females
Lack of mobility of spermatozoons
Problem with the flow of semen
Low amount of spermatozoons
Obstruction in the fallopian tubes
Hormone imbalances (FSH, LH, oestrogens, progesterone)
Problems in the uterus (sex, the embryo cannot attach)
In vitro fertilisation
Fertilisation occurs naturally
It's used in cases of anatomical or functional alteration
Consists of placing the sperm from a donor into a women's uterus
- The fertilisation of the ova is contained in the semen
- The transfer of the resulting embryo to the mother's uterus
- Ova and semen are extracted from a female and a male donor