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Lymphatic and Immune System Samantha Mauricio Pd2 (Anatomy of the…
Lymphatic and Immune System Samantha Mauricio Pd2
Major functions of the
Lymphatic & Immune systems
Immune System
The main function in the immune system is that it is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body
F: Absorption of fatty acids and subsequent transport of fat, chyle, to the circulatory system
F: Removal of excess fluids, lymph, from body tissues
Lymphatic System
F: In the small intenstine, lymphatic cappilaries absorb the building blocks of fat-glycerol and fatty acids.
F: It produces, maintains,and distribute lymphocytes(b and t cells)
F: It absorbs excess tissue fluid and returns it to the bloodstreams.
F: It helps defend against pathogens
Innate/natural immune defenses and Adaptive/acquired immune defenses
Natural Immune Defense
D: immunity to disease that occurs as part of an individual's natural biologic makeup.
Adaptive Immune Defense
D: third line of defense that attacks a particular foreign substance
Learned line of defense, requires you to be exposed to a certain pathogen-consists of T and B cells- takes longer to react than the innate system
Innate Immune Defense
D: nonspecific, broad spectrum defense system - consists of surface barriers, and internal defenses. Release proteins that alert cells of adaptive system of foreign molecules
Internal Defenses: first line of defense - skin and mucous membranes and their secretions
Surface Barriers: second line of defenses- necessary if microorganisms invade deeper tissues; consists of Phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever
Acquired Immune Defense
D: Immunity to a particular disease that is not innate but has been acquired during life
Anatomy of the lymphatic system (including vessels, nodes, MALT,
spleen and thymus)
Spleen
Tonsils
Red Bone Marrow
Thoracic Duct
Appendix
Thymus Gland
Subclavivian Vein
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Inguinal Lymph Node
Popliteal Lymph Nodes
Large Intestine
Cervical Lymph Node
Small Intestine
Humoral vs. Cellular response
Cellular Immunity
D: T Lymphocytes act against target cell; directly by killing infected cells or indirectly by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammatory response; or activating other lymphocytes or macrophages
Humoral Immunity
D: Antibodies, produced by B lymphocytes, circulating freely in body fluids - bind temporarily to target cell and mark them for destruction by phagocytes or complement
Antigens and Antibodies
Antibodies
D: Substances that can identify bad bacteria and viruses and track them in order to take them down
Antigens
D: Substances that can mobilize adaptive defenses and provoke an immune response; targets of all adaptive immune responses
Disorders of the Immune system
Graves’ disease
D: prompts the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroxine
Glomerulonephritis
D: damages the kidney’s filtration membrane and severely impairs renal function
Multiple sclerosis
D: destroys the myelin of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
D: destroys pancreatic beta cells, resulting in a deficit of insulin and inability to use carbohydrates
Myasthenia gravis
D: impairs communication between nerves and skeletal muscles
Rheumatoid arthritis
D: systematically destroys joints
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D: a systemic disease that particularly affects the kidneys, heart, lungs, and skin