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The multi-store model of memory (Description Of The Multi-Store Model…
The multi-store model of memory
Key terms
Multi-store model- An explanation of memory based on three separate memory stores, and how information is transferred between these stores.
Sensory register- This is the information at the senses - information collected by your eyes, ears, nose, fingers and so on. Information is retained for a very brief period by sensory registers. We are only able to hold accurate images of sensory information momentarily (less than half a second). The capacity of sensory memory is very large, such as all the cells on the retina of the eye. The method of coding depends on the sense organ involved, e.g. visual for the eyes or acoustic for the ears
Description Of The Multi-Store Model
Sensory register
The capacity of these registers is very large.
The sensory registers are constantly receiving information, but most of this receives no attention and remains in the sensory register for a very brief duration
Attention
If a person's attention is focused on one of the sensory stores, then the data is transferred to short-term memory (STM).
Attention is the first step in remembering something
Short-term memory
Information is held in STM so it can be used for immediate tasks
STM has a limited duration - it is in a 'fragile' state. Repeat the things you want to remember over and over again - this called maintenance rehearsal
Information will disappear from STM if new information enters STM, pushing out the original information.
Maintenance rehearsal
Repetition keeps information in STM but eventually such repetition will create a long-term memory (LTM).
Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a direct relationship between rehearsal in STM and the strength of the LTM - the more information is rehearsed, the better it is remembered.
Long-term memory
LTM is potentially unlimited in duration and capacity
There is evidence that you can have a memory in brain permanently and you just can't find it
Retrieval
The process of getting information from LTM involves the information passing back through STM. It is then available for use.
Evaluation
Strengths
Supporting evidence
Case studies
Limitations
The multi-store model is too simple
Long-term memory involves more than maintenance rehearsal
How separate are STM and LTM?