Effects of the Fourth Crusade

Sacking of Constantinople

Frankish Greece

Latin Palestine and Syria

Plunder, massacre and rape

Byzantines say crusaders are barbaric and worse than Muslims

relics were stolen

Pope's reaction

attracted Pilgrims to churches in Europe

good financial income

4 horses in St Mark's in Venice

First welcomed the taking of Constantinople

After he heard of the horrors of the sacking, he condemned the attack

released crusaders from vows to go to holy land

this confirmed the failure of his crusade

because he had not been able to control his will from Rome

Baldwin of Flanders elected Emperor

had one quarter of the land taken from Greeks

other 3/4 was divided between Venetians and other crusaders

crusaders were able to pay off venetians

Latins expanded their power into Byzantine territory

Boniface took Thessalonica

Venetians got Crete and Corfu

Villehardouin clan got Peloponnese

King of Bulgaria and greek nobles resistance

Louis of Blois and Boniface killed

Emperor Baldwin was seized and never seen again

Greeks regained land

Asia Minor

Epirus in Western Greece and Trezibond SE of Baltic became centres of greek resistance

Franks still had mainland Greece

Disunity amongst Greeks and Western Franks

fuelled by anger over sacking of Constantinople

Failures of Frankish Greece

didn't try to create new imperial identity

didn't have enough money, territories shrunk, Constantinople lay in ruins

lacked manpower after crusaders left

made appeals for help from the West

Latins ignored them because there were rivals areas e.g. Jerusalem

Latin empire was a failure politically, financially, dynastically and culturally

constantinople failed to be a capital apart from in name

Orthodox church filled the gap

this created further disunity between the two churches

Constantinople was recaptured in 1261

Byz empire weakened by new independent greek states b/c they owned no allegiance to an empire

Jerusalem and mainland palestine still under Muslim control

Kingdom of Jerusalem was a narrow coastal strip from Jaffa to Beirut

renamed Kingdom of Acre

Outremer also consisted of county of Tripoli and principality of Antioch

principality of Antioch now small bit of land centred around Antioch

Succession disputes

Franks

disputes in all three territories in 13th century

stopped movements to recapture muslim held territory

unable to take advantage of factionalism in Muslim world

Muslims

happened after Saladdin died in 1193

disputes between Saladdin's sons and brother al-Adil lead to less jihad

more external enemies meant that they made a truce with the Franks in the early 13th century

Isolation from the West

shortage of manpower and resources increased after 3rd crusade

meant more reliance on the military and economic power of the military orders

now included Teutonic knights founded in 1190 during German crusade

continued relationship with Germany