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Effects of the Fourth Crusade (Frankish Greece (Latins expanded their…
Effects of the Fourth Crusade
Sacking of Constantinople
Plunder, massacre and rape
Byzantines say crusaders are barbaric and worse than Muslims
relics were stolen
attracted Pilgrims to churches in Europe
good financial income
4 horses in St Mark's in Venice
Pope's reaction
First welcomed the taking of Constantinople
After he heard of the horrors of the sacking, he condemned the attack
released crusaders from vows to go to holy land
this confirmed the failure of his crusade
because he had not been able to control his will from Rome
crusaders were able to pay off venetians
Frankish Greece
Baldwin of Flanders elected Emperor
had one quarter of the land taken from Greeks
other 3/4 was divided between Venetians and other crusaders
Latins expanded their power into Byzantine territory
Boniface took Thessalonica
Venetians got Crete and Corfu
Villehardouin clan got Peloponnese
King of Bulgaria and greek nobles resistance
Louis of Blois and Boniface killed
Emperor Baldwin was seized and never seen again
Greeks regained land
Asia Minor
Epirus in Western Greece and Trezibond SE of Baltic became centres of greek resistance
Franks still had mainland Greece
Byz empire weakened by new independent greek states b/c they owned no allegiance to an empire
Disunity amongst Greeks and Western Franks
fuelled by anger over sacking of Constantinople
Failures of Frankish Greece
didn't try to create new imperial identity
didn't have enough money, territories shrunk, Constantinople lay in ruins
lacked manpower after crusaders left
made appeals for help from the West
Latins ignored them because there were rivals areas e.g. Jerusalem
Latin empire was a failure politically, financially, dynastically and culturally
constantinople failed to be a capital apart from in name
Orthodox church filled the gap
this created further disunity between the two churches
Constantinople was recaptured in 1261
Latin Palestine and Syria
Jerusalem and mainland palestine still under Muslim control
Kingdom of Jerusalem was a narrow coastal strip from Jaffa to Beirut
renamed Kingdom of Acre
Outremer also consisted of county of Tripoli and principality of Antioch
principality of Antioch now small bit of land centred around Antioch
Succession disputes
Franks
disputes in all three territories in 13th century
stopped movements to recapture muslim held territory
unable to take advantage of factionalism in Muslim world
Muslims
happened after Saladdin died in 1193
disputes between Saladdin's sons and brother al-Adil lead to less jihad
more external enemies meant that they made a truce with the Franks in the early 13th century
Isolation from the West
shortage of manpower and resources increased after 3rd crusade
meant more reliance on the military and economic power of the military orders
now included Teutonic knights founded in 1190 during German crusade
continued relationship with Germany