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Groups (Norms (Negative Norms (DWB (Property e.g theft, Political e.g…
Groups
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Group Development
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Tuckman, 1965
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Storming - compete for control, status, authority. conflict occurs
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Roles
Role Expectation
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psychological contract - an unwritten agreement that sets out what managements expects from employee and vice versa
e.g managers giving feedback, employees demonstrating good attitude
Role Conflict
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interrole conflict - situation in which the expectation of the individual's different, separated groups are in opposition
e.g work family conflict
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set of expected behaviour patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit
Norms
Conformity
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reference groups - a group to which an individual belongs or would like to belong, and with whos norms they are likely to conform
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Negative Norms
Deviant Workplace Behaviour - voluntary behaviour that violates significant organisational norms. Threatens well being of organisation and individuals
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deviant workplace norms surface, employee cooperation, commitment,
and motivation are likely to suffer
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Status
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Inequality
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Individuals can find themselves in conflicts when
they move between groups whose status criteria are different
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ingroups can be become more polarised by ingroups and outgroups when status of ingroup feels threatened so they increase bias against outgroup etc.
Size and Dynamics
Social Loafing
The tenancy for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
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Group Decision Making
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Groupthink
a phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action
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results in people withholding, suppressing, modifying their true feelings and beliefs
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Group Shift
a change between a groups decision and an individual's decision that a member within the group would make - shift either toward conservatism or greater risk - normally towards more extreme version of groups original position
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Reasons
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discussion makes people more comfortable with each other so more willing to express extreme view of original position
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Diversity
The extent to which members of
a group are similar to, or different from, one
another
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fault lines :red_cross: - the perceived divisions that split groups based on individual differences e.g sex, race, age, work experience, education
splits are deterimental to group functioning and performance
e.g subgroups have conflict, learn more slowly and take more risky decisions
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diverse teams are effective when leader can get group to focus on task at hand and encourage group learning