Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Is the caste system limiting the economic development and equality of…

- - - - "At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the caste system was still reflected in employment and voting behavior. It had also caused new conflicts, as people in the lower castes and classes struggled to be categorized as scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, or other backward classes in order to receive benefits." (India: Caste Conflict.)
  - - - Quotas already apply in education and government, where since 1950 22.5% of university places and government jobs have been "reserved" for dalits and tribal people.
    - - "Caste remained unattended before that. Prior to Mandal, there was no reason for individual backward castes to be assertive at the national level. Post-Mandal, caste-based organizations are using caste as an effective instrument of community building and its social and financial upliftment," Anand Kumar, professor of sociology at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, says.
- - - - "In this regard, the book refers to the findings of Sukhdeo Thorat and team, of the Indian Institute of Dalit Studies, which show that Dalits are being incorporated in the new liberalised economic ensemble on adverse terms - as agricultural labour, sanitation workers, carcass cleaners, etc. Consequently, Dalits continue to face oppression and discrimination in transactions of land, labour, capital, credit, inputs and so on, and are "conspicuous by their relative paucity in the corporate sector"
  - - - "The economy took off. In the 20 years since the ranks of the middle class have more than doubled, and India has started playing a much larger role on the global stage."
        (A Tales of Two India)
    - - "My own research on the diamond industry shows how a historically disadvantaged caste took advantage of a shock to the world supply of rough diamonds in the late 1970s to move from agriculture and then industrial labour into the export business, over the course of a single generation" (The Impact of Caste on Economic Mobility in India.")
    - - "To help the development of Dalit capitalism, the Indian government passed a long-awaited measure last month requiring the state and public companies to make 20% of their purchases from Indian businesses. A fifth of those purchases — 4% of the total — will have to be made from businesses belonging to SCs or STs (Scheduled Tribes — members of the country's old tribes.)" (Capitalism over Caste: The Success of India's 'Untouchable' CEOs)
    - - xBut that has started to change. Since 1991, when India’s economy opened to the world and began its astonishing growth trajectory, hundreds of thousands of new businesses have been created, leaving an opening for millions of people who never imagined that owning their own business was even possible. A small handful of Dalits were uniquely poised to take advantage. (The Impact of Caste on Economic Mobility in India.")
- - - - Since it began registering the caste of its subscribers--almost by definition computer-literate and English-speaking--Naukri.com has added 38,000 young dalit and tribal job-seekers to its books.