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4.1.1 Immune Response (Primary Defences (animals) (Inflammation (swelling…

- - - - circulate in blood; manufacture and release antibodies
    - - act as immunological memory
      - remain in the body for a long time
  - - - stimulate phagocytosis
      - release cytokines
      - stimulate B cells to develop
    - - preventing autoimmunity
      - shuts down immune response after pathogen has been removed
    - - attack and kill host body cells that display foreign antigen
      - activity stimulated by interferons, which inhibit viral replication
    - - provide long term immunity
- - - - engulf foreign matter and trap in phagosome, and lysosomes secrete enzymes to digest it
      - multilobed nucleus
      - made in bone-marrow
      - dead neutrophils form pus
      - contain many mitochondria
    - - engulf foreign matter but doesn't fully engulf it; becomes a antigen presenting cell, where the macrophage displays the pathogens antigens on its own plasma membrane, so other cells can also recognise it
      - made in the bone marrow
      - many found in lymph nodes
      - travel in blood as monocytes
      - release monokines; may attract neutrophils via chemotaxis, or stimulate B cells to release antibodies