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PITUITARY GLAND (Pituitary tumours (Nursing intervention (Assess level of…
PITUITARY GLAND
Pituitary tumours
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of tumour formation in the anterior pituitary has been studied , but the causative mechanisms involved in pituitary cell formation and tumourigenesis remain elusive.
most pituitary tumours are sporadic, but some arise as a component of genetic syndrome such as a McCune Albright syndrome.
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Nursing intervention
Assess level of consciousness. Investigate changes in mentation, presence of restlessness.
Scatter desired beverages throughout the 24-hour period and give various offering (hot, cold, frozen).
Assess skin, face, dependent areas for edema. Evaluate degree of edema (on scale of +1–+4).
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Risk factors
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Most people who develop pituitary tumors don’t have a family history of the disease. But rarely, pituitary tumors can run in families.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type IV (MEN4): This rare syndrome includes increased risks of pituitary tumors and certain other tumors. MEN4 is caused by inherited changes in a gene called CDKN1B.
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Hypopituitarism
Pathophysiology
is a health condition characterized by the reduced production of hormones from the pituitary gland. the pathophysiology of hypopituitarism usually involves damage to the pituitary gland, which renders it unable to produce one or more hormones in the normal manner
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Nursing intervention
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Administer replacement fluids, electrolytes, and glucose as prescribed by physician to maintain normal serum levels.
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Observe eyelids, nails beds and skin pallor which indicate anemia.
Risk factors
Immunosuppression, such as HIV and high dose glucocorticoid intake
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Severe loss of blood, such as Sheehan syndrome or postpartum hypopituitarism
Pituitary surgery, such as hypophysectomy
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Hyperpituitarism
Pathophysiology
is a condition due to the primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones, it typically result from a pituitary adenoma. in children with hyperpituitarism, disruption of growth regulation is rare, either because hormone hypersecretion or because of manifestations caused by local compression of the adenoma.
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Nursing intervention
Auscultate heart sounds, note extra heart sounds, development of gallops and systolic murmurs
Monitor temperature; provide cool environment, limit bed linens or clothes, administer tepid sponge baths.
Observe signs and symptoms of severe thirst, dry mucous membranes, weak or thready pulse, poor capillary refill, decreased urinary output, and hypotension.
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