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Hardware and operating systems (Computer elements (Storage devices…
Hardware and operating systems
Computer language and function
this is known as binary system
The smallest unit is called a bit
8 bits form a byte, and so on
ASCII
We give a code to each letter of the alphabet. his codes are 1 and 0
Computer functions
Storing data in the storage device
Processing data in the CPU, using the microprocessor and the memory
Output of data using peripheral devices
Input of data using peripheral devices
Computer elements
Microprocessor
the microproccesor is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instrucions and data received from the memory
today microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time
RAM
The computer's main memory is its RAM
when we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them
cache memory
RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between them, the cache memory.
The cache stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system.
This initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory, the ROM BIOS
Storage devices
Magnetic disks
Optical disks
Solid-state memory (flash)
Motherboard and connecting devices
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Manages the system resources, making them available for use by the user and the applications
Windows
Installing: We can install programs by the installation wizard and to remove programs we use
Agregar o quitar programas
System Updates: There are two ways you can do this:
Inicio>programas>Windows update. In this method you can choose the update
Actualizaciones automaticas, via Inicio>Panel de control>Rendimiento y mantenimiento> Sistema
Linux
Installing: 1. Añadir y quitar in the aplicaciones menu
Synaptic package managment program. To open it, select Sistema>Administracion
Updates
Open the Gestor de actualizaciones through Sistema Administracion, click on Comprobar. A list of updates will appear
Computer networks
local are networks, or LAN
Metropolitan area networks, made of several LANs
Wide area networks
Elements in a network
It needs an adaptor or network card to send information to other computers and receive it back
The hub distributes all the information it receives between the other computers in the network
This information travels down a transmission medium, normally a cable similar to a telephone wire with a RJ45 connector on the end
Wireless networks
Known as wLANs, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data.
All computers need to have a wireless network card
Shared Internet access
Using Internet connection sharing, where all communication is through one computer that must be on all the time
Or
Using a Router, which detects data and directs it to and from the internet
