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Systems of the body (Circulation (Blood (Veins (path ways that lead…

- - - - fish have this
      - it pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills without pumping the oxygenated
    - - Frogs have this
      - it mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
    - - it separates the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
      - mammals have this
  - - - path ways that lead towards the heart
      - Vena cava
    - - it is caused by the contraction of the heart
        
        measured in millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
        
        systolic (contracting ventricles) over Diastolic (relaxed ventricles)
      - Healthy human blood pressure 120/80 mmHg
    - - path ways that lead away from the heart
      - Aorta
    - - places where oxygen and CO2 exchange places
      - Lungs or Gills
  - - - found in Chordates
      - has veins and arteries that carries fluid
    - - fluid that free floats through the body
      - found in arthopods
    - - it pumps both oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood
      - found in mammals
    - - only pumps deoxygenated blood
      - found in fish
  - - - pulling air into the lungs
      - Mammals use this
    - - Gills
        
        it enables breathing oxygen in water
      - Lungs
        
        it enables breathing out of water
      - skin
        
        amphibians can breathe through their skin
    - - pushing air into the lungs
      - frogs use this
- - - - Osmoregulator
        
        Will change internally depending on its surroundings
        
        Humans
      - Osmoconformer
        
        Becomes in tune with its surroundings
        
        aquatic life
  - - - Urethra
        
        the tube where urine is expelled from
      - Urinary bladder
        
        a sac to hold urine
      - Ureter
        
        connects kidneys to the urinary bladder for transfer of urine
      - Kidneys
        
        regulates salt and forms urine
        
        nephrons are apart of the kidneys
        
        Juxtamedullary
        
        which is responsible for the production of urine
    - - Ammonia
        
        aquatic life
        
        direct excretion with lots of water (lowest energy cost)
      - Uric acid
        
        Bird, reptiles, insects, and land snails
        
        made of white uric acid and brown feces (highest energy cost)
      - Urea
        
        Carbon dioxide and ammonia mix (medium in energy cost)
        
        mammals, most amphibians, sharks, and some boney fish
  - - - loss of osmotic water and salt ions through the gills,but intake of salt through drinking water
    - - Gain of osmotic water and uptake of salt ions by gills