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Asthma (Pathophysiology (In response to a stimuli, Immune cell in the…
Asthma
Pathophysiology
In response to a stimuli
Immune cell in the tracheobroncial tree are activated
Chamical mediators are release causing...
Bronchoconstrictions and vascular congestion
Leading to oedema of mucous membrane
And production of thick tenacious mucus
This lead to airway resistance and reduced airflow
Air gets trapped in the alveolar
causing hypherinflated lungs
During an asthma attack
Causes
Genetics, hereditary
Allergens eg. Pollen
Infectious agents
Certain drugs
Dust and pollutents
Air pollution
Chemical inhalations
Over exercise
Straignous exercises
Clinical manifestations
Coughing
Dyspnea
Shorthness of breath
Chest pains
Cynosis
Wheezing
Tachypnoea
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Investigative diagnostic tests
Spirometry
Peakflow test
Methacholine challenge
Chest x-ray
Allergy test
Provocative testing for exercise and cold-induced asthma
Nursing interventions
Monitor vital signs
Give oxygen therapy
Put patient in fowlers position
Damp dusting of patients surroundings
Encourage breathing exercises
Give appropriate health education
Health education
The importance of knowing your allergies
Know what triggers of your asthma
Education on how to use an inhaler
Dangers of smoking
Avoid areas with high air pollution
Definition
the airway narrows and extra mucus is produced
Response to external stimuli is increased
Pharmacology
Controllers
Corticosteroids
Beclomethasone
Salmeterol
Formoterol
Bronchodilators
Relievers
Salbutamol
Fenoterol