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Democracy (Features of Democracy (Individual Liberty, Participation,…

- - - - E.g. The EU membership referendum, the people decided that they would like to leave the EU even though the vast majority of their representatives would have stayed in the EU. Therefore, if it was up to the MPs Britain would not leave but this would be against the peoples wishes.
    - - E.g. 35% of people took part in local council elections where as roughly 70% took part in the EU referendum
  - - - E.g. EU referendum the electorate where arguably clueless in terms of what leaving meant, many people do not know they difference between the custom union or the single market
    - - E.g. Switzerland regularly have referendums which have arguably lead to tyranny of the majority as clothing that covers the face has been banned, including burkas. Also slaughtering animals for Kosher and Halal meat has also been. An infringement of human rights (right to religion)
- - - - 13 major referendums
      - All referendums are held on constitutional issues e.g. voting systems/ EU membership
      - Issues that could not be resolved through normal Parliamentary means
      - Aims
        
        To resolve internal part differences
        
        E.g David Cameron calling the EU membership referendum due to fear of conservative euro-skeptics moving to UKIP due to different views on the EU
        
        To resolve conflict
        
        E.g. Scottish referendum was used in order to give the people of Scotland a choice on being an independent country with the aim to settle the push for Scottish Independence either way
        
        To entrench constitutional change
        
        2008 Alternative Vote referendum if successful would have caused the voting system to change, a constitutional change
      - Results are not blind by law but governments are likely to carry results out as the 'people have spoken'
    - - Introduced in July 2011
      - Enable members of the public to petition the House of Commons and press action from the government
      - E-petitions have to ask for specific action in which the Government and/or Parliament are responsible for
      - 100,000 signatures are required for petitions to be debated in the chamber
      - Examples
        
        Hillsborough disaster, succeeded in a debate and then full release of documents about the disaster
        
        Preventing President Trump from making a state visit to Britain
- - - - Parish Councils- first tier of local government, has tax raising powers
      - Parliamentary Constituencies- used to elect Members of Parliament
      - National Assembly Constituencies- Scotland, has more dissolved power from Westminster can control education systems
      - Metropolitan Authorites- Mayors, Sadiq Khan London Mayor responsible for strategic running of Greater London
      - European Parliament- 12 regions of the UK are represented by MEPs in the European Parliament