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reproductive system (sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (Chlamydia…
reproductive system
FRS hormones
oestrogen
is a female reproductive hormone, produced primarily by the ovaries in the non-pregnant woman. It promotes the maturation and release of an ovum in every menstrual cycle. It is also produced by the placenta during pregnancy.
progestrogen
produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary; its function is to prepare the endometrium (lining of the uterus) for the reception and development of the fertilised ovum. It also suppresses the production of oestrogen after ovulation has occurred.
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Leutenizing hormone (LH)
produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. It stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen and progesterone. It triggers ovulation (the release of a mature ovum from the ovary), and it promotes the development of the corpus luteum.
disorders of FRS
endometriosis
a condition where that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — ends up outside of uterus, most commonly in the ovaries, bowel or the tissue lining your pelvis.
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Ovarian cancer
tends to have a poorer outcome than other gynecological cancers, Ross noted, because it is not typically diagnosed until it has progressed significantly.
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cervical cancer
a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer
MRS glands & tubules
seminal vesicles
produce thick, yellow fluid (60% of semen) that nourishes the sperm and helps activate it
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bulbourethral glands
produce a thick, clear mucus that cleanses the urethra of any traces of acidic urine before ejaculation and acts as a lubricant for sexual intercourse
prostate gland
a doughnut shaped gland that wraps around the urethra and secretes a milky fluid that activates sperm
MRS hormones
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inhibin
hormone that triggers the release of gonadotropin inhibiting hormone (GnIH) to cease production of FSH and LH
gonads
male; testes
produce gametes, or sperm, and they secrete hormones, primarily testosterone.
female; ovaries
produce oocytes (eggs) for fertilisation and they produce the reproductive hormones, oestrogen and progesterone.
sperm
mid-piece
is packed with mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles in cells that produce energy. Sperm use the energy in the midpiece to move.
tail
moves like a propeller, around and around. This tail is a long flagella that pushes the sperm forward. A sperm can travel about 30 inches per hour. This may not sound very fast, but don’t forget how small a sperm is
head
contains the nucleus. The nucleus holds the DNA of the cell. The head also contains enzymes that help the sperm break through the cell membrane of an egg.
disorders of MRS
Erectile dysfunction
is the inability to achieve or sustain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse. Causes include medications, chronic illnesses, poor blood flow to the penis, drinking too much alcohol, or being too tired.
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prostate cancer
A cancer in a man's prostate, a small walnut-sized gland that produces seminal fluid.
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menstrual cycle
the proliferative phase
After the period, the uterine lining builds back up again.
ovulation
the release of the egg from the ovary, mid-cycle. Estrogen peaks just beforehand, and then drops shortly afterwards.
The follicular phase
The time between the first day of the period and ovulation. Estrogen rises as an egg prepares to be released.
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The luteal phase
The time between ovulation and before the start of menstruation, when the body prepares for a possible pregnancy. Progesterone is produced, peaks, and then drops.
secretory phase
The uterine lining produces chemicals that will either help support an early pregnancy or will prepare the lining to break down and shed if pregnancy doesn’t occur.