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Acute kidney injury (AKI) (Risk factors (CKD, CVD, PVD, Older age, CLD,…

- - - - Blood tranfusion
        Indication: pre-renal hypovolemic shock
        E.g. red blood cells, platelets
        MOA: replace circulating blood volume
      - Abx
        Indication: sepsis, pyelonephritis
        E.g. co-amoxiclav
      - IV fluids
        Indication: pre-renal
        E.g. crystalloid
        MOA: fluid replacement and
        increase renal perfusion
      - Dialysis
        Indications: refractory pulmonary oedema, uraemic complications (pericarditis, encephalopathy), persistent hyperkalemia (>7mmol/L), severe acidosis (<7.1), BLAST drugs (barbituates, lithium, alcohol, salicylates, theophylline)
    - - Catheterisation
        Indication: obstruction 1L
      - Percutaneous nephrostomy
        Indication: obstruction not relieved by catheter
      - Surgical
        Indication: refractory obstruction
        E.g. cystoscopy, stenting