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C2 (Separation (Chromatography (TLC (Thin-layer chromatography,…

- - - - Thin-layer chromatography
      - Plastic/glass plate covered in silica/allumin powder
      - Quicker, more sensitive, removable samples
- - - - Pencils
      - Lubricant
  - - - Jewellery
      - Tools
- - - - Ball & stick
      - Displayed formula
      - Space-filling
  - - - Giant - repeated many times
      - Lattice - regular pattern
    - - :check: show strucure & shape
      - :red_cross: ions are close, bonds are forces
  - - - Soften when heated
      - Easily moulded
      - Polymer chains tangles
    - - Burn/char when heated
      - Cannot be remoulded
      - Chains joined by strong covalent bonds, cross-linking
- - - - Malleable
      - Delocalised electrons able to move when ions move
      - Bonds don't break
    - - Brittle
      - Covalent bonds break at once
    - - Brittle
      - Ions of same charge come into contact, repel & break
    - - Brittle in a lattice
      - May be flexible otherwise
  - - - Insoluble
      - Strong covalent bonds don't break
    - - Soluble
      - Ionic bonds break
      - Attraction forms between ion & solvent
    - - Depends
      - Weak intermolecular forces
    - - Insoluble
      - Strong metallic bonds don't break
  - - - Conduct electricity in solid/liquid state
      - Delocalised electrons can move & carry charge
    - - Do not conduct
      - No delocalised electrons
    - - Conduct electricity in liquid state/solution
      - Charged ions can move & carry current
      - Do not conduct in solid state
  - - - High temp.
      - Strong metallic bonds
    - - High temp.
      - Strong covalent bonds
    - - Low temp.
      - Weak intermolecular forces
- - - - Shiny
      - Normally solid at room temp.
      - Ductile
      - Malleable
      - High melting/boiling point
      - Good conductors
    - - Lose electrons, form positive ions
      - Do not react with each other, form alloys
      - Oxides produce alkaline solutions
  - - - Dull
      - Can be sold, liquid or gas at room temp.
      - Non-ductile
      - Brittle
      - Low melting/boiling point
      - Insulators (poor conductors)
    - - Gain electrons, form negative ions
      - React together to form compounds
      - Oxides produce acidic solutions