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HAEMORRHAGE ; SUBARACHNOID (Nursing care (The patients who presents with…
HAEMORRHAGE ; SUBARACHNOID
Pathophysiology
Hypertension may lead to the rupture of a blood vessel in the cerebral circulation where there is a weak spot.
Weak spot may be congenital.
May be the results of arteriosclerosis.
Cerebral tumours may cause erosion of blood vessels.
Signs and symptoms
Stiff neck
Slurred speech
Nausea
Depression, Confusion, Apathy
Impaired consciousness
Seizures
Intraocular haemorrhage
Causes
Brain aneurysms
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm
Bleeding from an arteriovenous malformation
Use of blood thinners
Bleeding disorders
Head injury
Risk factors
At any Age
Smoking
High blood pressure
Drug use
Diagnostic procedures
MRI Scan
Cerebral angiography
Transcranial Ultrasound
Lumbar puncture
CAT Scan
Nursing care
The patients who presents with subarachnoid haemorrhage is to maintain his/ her airway , breathing and circulation.
The nurse should kept the patient in a very quiet and kept at absolute bedrest.
Sedation and analgesia are maintained to keep the patient comfortable and quiet.
Calcium channel blockers such as nimodipine,which is specifically indicated for use in subarachnoid haemorrhage can use to prevent vasospasm.
Anticonvulsants can be given to prevent convulsions which increase the risk of rebleeding.
Dexamethasone can be given to reduce raised intracranial pressure.
Blood pressure is maintained is the normal range to maintain normal cerebral circulation,
A low blood pressure may result in cerebral ischemia, whereas a high blood pressure increases the risk of rebleeding.