“Now the long journey to equal access to schooling for Blacks began. As all the new Southern state constitutions after the Civil War provided for universal education, the past seemed smooth enough. Within a generation, however, Jim Crow mandates began to nibble away at the more enlightened laws, until by 1922 eighty-five percent of all Black school children were (continued on page 220) college and community intervenors to the fundamental principles of leadership empowerment and civic responsibility, and finally; establish a time frame for implementation of goals and action strategies with the identification of resources and assessment methodologies to determine success.” (Erickson, p. 209)