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INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE (Nursing care (Nurses responsibility is to…
INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
Pathophysiology
Most haematomas results from rupture of an artery or arteriole.
Their expansion is more due to continued bleeding from the primary source and to the continue disruption of surrounding vessels.
Acute hypertension, a local coagulation deficit may expansion of the haematoma.
Most of the brain injury and swelling that occurs after ICH is the results of inflammation caused by thrombin.
The haematoma initiates oedema and neuronal damage
Blood from an intracerebral haemorrhage accumulates as a mass that can dissect through brain tissues
Nursing care
Nurses responsibility is to attend to the patients and family psychosocial and spiritual needs.
To maintain adequate electrolyte balance to prevent complications.
Nursing care for the patient with ICH is a critical as medical and surgical treatment.
Nursing responsibilities vigilant monitoring for physiological changes.
Despite advances in technology frequent and careful neurological examination of the patient remain critical.
Any significant change in the patients neurological exam.
Adequacy of oxygenation is monitored.
Optimizing blood pressure parameters
Blood glucose must be tightly controlled if used an insulin drip to maintain a norm glycaemic state must be carefully titrated.
Diagnostic procedure
CT Scan
Eye exam
Magnetic resonance imaging
Lumbar puncture
Risk factors
Bleeding disorders
High blood pressure
Smoking
Aneurysm
Drug use
Signs and symptoms
Difficulty in swallowing
Tingling and numbness
Changes in vision
Lethargy
Nausea and vomiting
Weakness in an arm and leg
A sudden severe headache
Causes
Brain tumors
High blood pressure
Liver disease
Bleeding disease
Amyloid angiopathy
Blood vessel abnomalities
Head injury