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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI (YEAST (nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi…
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
HABITAT
aquatic (freshwater & marine)
terrestrial (soil or dead plant & parasites)
CHARACTERISTICS
eukaryotic
multicellular (except yeast)
heterotrophic
saprophyte
cell wall composed of chitin, glucans, mannans
VEGETATIVE STRUCTURE
consists of long filaments of cells joined together
known as thallus
consists hyphae
grows at tip, by extension of terminal cell
may be divided by septa/ no septa
tubular cell walls surround cytoplasmic membrane
septate hyphae
contain septa & single nucles
coenocytic hyphae
no septa & multinucleate
specialized hyphae
called haustoria
mutually beneficial relationship (mycorrhizae)
allow the to feed on animals
YEAST
nonfilamentous
unicellular fungi that typically oval or spherical
found as white powdery coating on fruits and leaves
parent cells form a bud on outer surface (budding)
divide evenly to produce two new cells
capable of facultative anaerobic
DIMORPHIC FUNGI
exhibit dimorphism
can grow either as mold or yeast
YM shift
response to changes in environmental factors
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
produce spore by mitosis
ARTHOCONIDIA ( hyphal split to form spores)
CHLAMYDOSPORE (cells surround by thick wall)
SPORANGIOSPORE (spores develop within sac)
CONIDIOSPORE (spores produce at tips of hyphae & not enclosed)
BLASTOSPORE (spores produces from vegetative mother cells - budding)
budding
produce cells by mitosis
WOOD ROT
brown rot ( decompose cellulose)
white rot (decompose both cellulose & lignin)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
homothallic fungal (self-fertilizing)
heterothallic fungi (require crossing over between different sexual mycelia that are compatible)
PHYSIOLOGY
chemoorganotrophs (digest foods outside bodies)
secrete extracellular enzymes (break down and absorb complex organic materials)
saprophytic ( feed on dead organisms)
symbiotic relationship
FUNGAL GROWTH REQUIREMENT
more acidic
have higher osmotic pressure
lower in moisture
low in nitrogen
contain complex carbohydrate