Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Developments in Language Testing with the Focus on Ethics (Code of Ethics,…
Developments in Language Testing with the Focus on Ethics
Ethics
Issues
Hamp-Lyons says humanistic and ethical approach are not readily applicable in the testing
process.
the question we ask now is not
'what is knowledge', but 'what it means' (Fulcher,2000)
the concept of 'fairness' is difficult to define, especially when the same test can be perceived very differently by different interest groups
people are linguistic beings; as a result, our understanding of the reason, logic, ethics, are only linguistic games
ethical issues serve as fair guidelines for the impact of tests on testees, stakeholders, and society
Solutions
testers were introduced with the idea of incorporating portfolios, self-assessments, peer assessments, interviews and observations.
brought testing closer to its sociocultural character
we offer more choices to examinees
simulate some real language-use situation in a more meaningful context
Developments in Language Testing
phases of assessment
Psychometric-Structuralist phase
drawback - discussion on linguistic knowledge and whether that could be
divided into measurable and statistically assessed segments
language testing was sceptical about achieving objectivity in
assessment
tests became more social with communicative competence paradigm and introduction in the game of the social context
integrative phase
communicative approach led to demands for language tests that include performance
new movement in
linguistics, communicative approach
assess how
the knowledge is used to achieve a successful communicative act
focuses on reliability and validity
First phase
no reliability or validity issues
were raised
teacher's judgment was accepted and relied on
subjective tests with teachers being the primary and in most
cases the only assessors
communicative phase
reliability was the requirement of objectivity
raised issues such as
focused on being right
responsibilities
washback
society
ethical issues
factors taken into consideration when assessing
individual taking the test
impact such test results had on his or her life
Code of Ethics
researchers and linguists who are engaged in all phases of the testing process should be responsive and aware of the consequences of testing on the lives of examinees
the 'washback' effect
impact of the test beyond the educational institution
that administers designs in society
social responsibility of testers
protective contract
between the profession of testers
awareness of others
the consequences
sanctions on misuse of tests
shared responsibility