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Chernobyl Accident (The nuclear reactor are now recognized as inherently…
Chernobyl Accident
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At 1:23 a.m. on April 26, the real problem began.
So, on April 25, 1986 the 4th reactor was shut down for a routine maintenance. They also decided to test the main core cooling water circulating pumps. The aim of the test was to determine whether cooling of the core could continue to to be ensured in the event of a loss of power.
This type of test had been run the previous year. It was decided to be tested again but it was carried out without a proper exchange of information between the team and personnel in charge of of the nuclear reactor
For the test, the reactor should have been a certain amount of power prior to the shutdown. Efforts to increase the power were frustrated. Many of the control rods were withdrawn to compensate resulting in a violation of operating reactivity margin. At 1:03 the 26th the reactor was stabilized and continued with the test.
At 1:23 the power excursion rate emergency protection system signals came on and power exceeded and continued to rise. Fuel elements ruptured, increased pressure in reactor, channel pipes began to rupture, and mass steam generation occurred as a result of the reactor cooling circuit.
Two explosions were reported, the first with was a steam explosion followed by a second explosion, possibly from build up of hydrogen. Fuel, moderator, and structural materials were ejected. The destroyed core was exposed to the atmosphere
Fires started of what remained of unit 4. Over 100 fire-fighters were called and they were the ones that received the highest radiation exposures. The fires on roofs 3 and 4 were localized, unit 3 was shut down and units 1 and 2 were shut down in the morning the next day.
On April 28, a massive management operation began This involved dropping materials that are designed to combat a different feature of the release. The total amount of materials dumped on the reactor was about 5000 t. About 1800 helicopter flights were carried out to dump materials onto the reactor.
In addition to the two workers who died from the explosions, by the end of July, a further of 22 staff people and six firemen died of acute radiation poisoning as a result of the accident.
Xenon poisoning was a significant contributor to the Chernobyl accident. Caused severe radiation effects almost immediately. Also widespread radioactive contamination in areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine inhabited by several million people.
People living in contaminated areas needed to change food supplies, and restrictions on activities of individuals and families. Later, those changes were accompanied by major political, social, and political changes that took place when the former Soviet Union broke up. There was also and increase in cancer.
The vast majority of the population do not need to live in fear of serious health consequences due to the radiation from the CHernobyl accident. For the most part, they were exposed they were exposed to radiation levels comparable to a few times higher than annual level of natural background. Positive prospects for the future of health of most individuals should prevail.
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Chernobyl was built in Northern Ukraine, 80 miles north of Kiev. To accommodate the workers a small town called Pripyat was constructed near the power plant.
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A reservoir was also built fed by the Pripyat River, in order to provide cooling for the reactor.
The closest cities to the reactors were Pripyat which was a new built city, and Chernobyl which was mainly farmlands and woodlands.
Chernobyl caused the evacuation of hundred of people who searched for a safe haven. Radiation still poses a significant threat to wildlife and humans.