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Semantic LTM - Tulving 1972 (Makes distinction between different types of…
Semantic LTM - Tulving 1972
Based on MSM - suggests difference between episodic memory (e.g. memory of holiday in disneyland) & an more general memory (remembering disneyland is in Florida)
Makes distinction between different types of LTM
Procedural Memory
How to do things e.g. tying shoelace, writing
Declarative Memory
Meaningful events e.g. being taught how to play piano even if you can't play now
Semantic Memory
Relationships & how things fit together e.g. locations, having siblings, - needed for language for meaning behind words
Episodic Memory
Particular events & specific info - events, names, dates e.g. particular address - perceptually encoded & linked to the 5 senses, can be triggered by sight, sound, smell
Research - Clive Wearing
Musician who suffered brain damage from a viral infection - almost complete amnesia - couldn't encode new LTMs as he forgets every 30 seconds, & always feels he's waking up for the 1st time
Has semantic memory - remembers he loves his wife, knows he's a dad & has children (doesn't remember names/ages)
Has procedural memory - can play piano & conduct a choir
He has no episodic memory
Colin Blackemore 1988
Conducted case study
Discovered hippocampus damage which is where STM rehearses info into LTM
EVALUATION
Credibility
Lots of supporting research e.g. Clive Wearing case study
Lost episodic memory but still has semantic memory
Baddeley 1966
Supports
Participants struggled with word lists linked by common theme = semantic similarity is confusing > unrelated word lists - not confusing suggests at least part of LTM works semantically
Objections
Semantic + episodic memory rely on each other
e.g. learning wife is unfaithful > less trust
episodic > semantic
suggests a link
Damage to temporal cortex in episodic + semantic memories of children + adults with amnesia > 2 memory functions are linked/same thing
Application
Helps us understand patients with memory loss - though they may be confused - they might still remember relationships & meanings - can be used to calm + focus
Focusing on this can be a form of cognitive stimulation therapy - discussion of familiar songs