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Treatment modalities of oncology (Pain manangement (assess the level of…
Treatment modalities of oncology
surgery
preoperative care before hospitalisation
The nurse should encourage the patient relatives to offer support
The patient must be allowed sufficient time to decide whether to undergo procedure.
allow the patient to express their concerns and fears about surgery
involve the patient and family in care
Facilitate communication and support to improve quality of life both patient and family
Provide the patient with information about surgery and diagnosis
Interview patient and family to assess normal coping style and it effectiveness.
The patient and family must see the doctor in charge for the treatment and discuss the patient condition.
hospital preoperative care
Explain the equipments to be used
Starve the patient for atleast 6 hours prior surgery
assess the level of knowledge about the surgery and type
The patient should be assisted with normal daily activities
Remove all loose dentures such as ring, watch
Provide skin treatment before and after surgery
Make the patient be aware that there might be abnormal bleeding and clotting
The nurse should try to assess the patient readiness for surgery
Post operative care
Administer analgesics on a regular basis as prescribed
Assess the level of pain using suitable pain assessment method
Encourage adequate nutrition to assist in maintaining energy levels
Encourage the patient to seek for assistance with necessary chores
Encourage the patient to exercise as tolerated to prevent complications of immobility
Monitor vital signs 4 hourly and report abnormal
Follow up on white cell count results
Administer antibiotics as prescribed
provide good nutrition to build resistance
maintain good oral hygiene
Ensure well balanced diet
Radiation Therapy
Uses
Control malignant diseases
Cure cancer
It can be used neoadjuvantly
Types
Electromagnetic radiation
Particulate radiation
Toxicity
Hair loss
Change and loss of taste
Increased saliva
Thrombocytopenia may result
Dryness of the mouth
Inflammation
Nursing manangement
The nurse must assess the patient skin condition
The nurse must explain the symptoms of fatigue and weakness
Nurse the patient separately
Explain the reason of isolation
Put notices on the door about radiation
Make sure that the pregnant staff are not assigned patients care
Chemotherapy
Uses
eradicate enough tumours so that the remaining tumour cells can be destroyed by the body immune system.
Chemotherapeutic drugs
anti-tumour antibiotics
Plant alkaloids
hormonal agents
mitotic spindle poisons
nutrosourears
alkylating agents
side effects
Nausea and vomiting
Alopecia
Renal damage
cardiovascular diseases
Bone marrow suppression
Anorexia
mucosal and skin treatment
Contraindications to chemotherapy
infection
recent surgery
impaired renal or hepatic function
recent radiotherapy
pregnancy
bone marrow suppression
nursing manangement
Assess the patients fluid and electrolytes balance
Modify risk for infection and bleeding
Administering chemotherapy
Teach caregivers about PPE and handling, disposal of chemotherapeutic agents
Label all drugs with the patients name
Asceptic techniques should be applied
Pain manangement
assess the level of the pain for the patient
assess and correct other factors that contribute to pain
provide information about pathophysiology of the disease
administer analgesics on a regular basis as prescribed
teach the patient complementary pain manangement techniques
evaluate the effectiveness of analgesics
Address the fear of addiction by appropriate health information