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River Landscapes (Integrated River Management Scheme at Banburry (Hard…

- - - - Allows areas to flood
        
        Deliberately allowed to flood if river levels are high
    - - Increased capacity for storage
        
        Quality of life for locals is improved with new footpaths and green areas
        
        Created with ponds, trees and hedgerows
  - - - Capable of holding 3 million meters cubed of water
        
        The scheme cost £18.5 million
        
        Benefits over £100 million
        
        Reduces levels of anxiety if flooding: improves quality of life
    - - Prevents disruption as it can remain open
      - Allows access during floods
    - - Creates a flood storage area
      - 4.5m high
    - - Reduced flooding due to reduced river discharge
        
        The 100,000 tonnes of earth required to build the embankment was extracted nearby to create the resevoir
        
        Protects 441 houses & 73 businesses
  - - - Enviromental
        
        100 000 tonnes of earth were required to build the embankment
      - Economic
        
        Cost £18.5 million
    - - Social
        
        The raised A361 route into Banbury will be open during a flood which will prevent disruption to people's lives
        
        Quality of life will improve with new footpaths and green areas
        
        Reduced levels of anxiety an depression through reduced risk and fear of flooding
      - Economic
        
        Protects 411 houses and 73 commercial properties
        
        Estimated to have benefits of £100 million
      - Environmental
        
        A new Biodiversity Action Plan has been put in place
- - - - Found immediately downstream of a waterfall (as it is formed by the gradual retreat of a waterfall over hundreds/thousands of years
    - - The more resistant rock on top is eroded faster then the softer rock beneath, causing the bottom to be eroded faster (creating an undercut and a plunge pool). The overhang then collapses, causing the waterfall to retreat backwards to the source
    - - Small volume and low efficiency means the water can't erode through interlocking spurs, so it flows around them instead
  - - - Wide bends, constantly changing position due to the balance of erosion and deposition
      - Pools: Deep sections on the outside of a bend, as the faster moving water erodes a deep channel
      - Riffles: Shallow section on the inside of a bend, as the slower moving water deposits sediment
    - - Narrowing meander necks are completely broken through to form a straighter channel, the old meander is cut off by deposition to form a separate ox-bow lake