Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Context of Islamic Power in the Near East (The Rise of Nureddin in…
The Context of Islamic Power in the Near East
The Rise of Nureddin in Syria
Alliance with Byzantium
This put an end to Frankish-Byzantine raids in Cilecia and Northern Syria
He negotiated a treaty with Manuel to help him against the Seljuk Turks in Syria
This allowed him to concentrate on Egypt
After earthquakes in 1157 and Nureddin falling seriously ill
Death of Zengi
Nureddin inherited Aleppo
Saphadin inherited Mosul
Nureddin could not call on Mosul for military assistance like his father
split of lands should have been a benefit to the Franks
Nureddin was swift to retake Edessa
Damascus
Without Mosul, Damascus was very important
the agricultural lands around it could feed his men
the taxes from the city could pay his men
Alliance between Nureddin and Unur of Damascus was the reason the franks withdrew from their siege because they were worried about the alliance between the two
new leader, Abaq recognised Nureddin as overlord whilst still maintaining alliance with Jerusalem
New leader, Abaq, was not popular
people didn't like alliance with Jerusalem or the threat of strong opposition
Nureddin took advantage of this and blockaded Damascus
with food running out, Abaq became even less popular
Abaq fled to citadel
Nureddin entered with gifts of food = peaceful take over
Abaq given governorship of Homs
Raymond II of Tripoli
After 2nd Crusade he wanted help from Unur and Nureddin to rid him of his rival, Bertram
Saphadin became involved and they captured Bertram and his fortress
shows alliances between Franks and Muslims were still possible
Who was Raymond?
Son of Raymond of Toulouse
First crusader and founder of the County of Tripoli
would form part of "old families" faction
Spent time as a captive of Zengi
used hospitallers to patrol borders of Tripoli
Events of 1149
June: Battle of Inab
defeated Raymond of Poitiers
beat his allies, the Assassins
captured Apamea
pushed Antioch's eastern borders closer to the city
Unur died in August and Saphadin died in November
ended the Mosul-Aleppo-Damascus allliance
New ruler of Damascus, Abaq sought alliance with Franks to maintain independence from Nureddin
Nureddin tried to show his strenght outside walls of Damascus
didn't work so he left Damascus and took Turbessel after capture of Joscelin
Qutbeddin, Nureddin's brother, now in charge of Mosul
Nureddin planned attack to take Mosul
instead Qutbeddin recognised Nureddin as his overlord
The Rise of Nureddin in Egypt
Weaknesses of Egypt
1149: Adult Caliph al-Hafiz died
series of Child caliphs
role of vizier became very important and sought after
1162: position seized by Shawar
after a few months, Dirgham gained the position
Shawar turned to Nureddin for help
1153: Ascalon was taken
opened way to conquest of Egypt
Nureddin thought he would take advantage of the situation
had combined resources of Aleppo, Damascus, Edessa and Mosul
BUT needed success in south after defeat at Krak des Chevaliers tarnished his prestige
Fighting against Franks
Amalric attacked because Dirgham stopped paying Fatimid tribute to Franks
Attacked Bilbays but easily defeated
Nureddin would rather control Egypt than have Amalric there
sent general, Shirkuh to Egypt to help Shawar
Shawar said he would finance the expedition
Nureddin launched diversionary attack on Amalric in the North
Shirkuh quickly took Egypt and restored Shawar
Shawar couldn't pay Nureddin the money he owed him
looked to Amalric to help remove Shirkuh's troops from Egypt and Amalric obliged
1164: two armies met at Bilbays without conclusive victory
1167: two sides met again
Shirkuh surprised forces of Shawar and Amalric
Shirkuh appealed to Shawar to switch sides but Shawar refused
Amalric used this deepened alliance to get a treaty between the two
took fight to Shirkuh
Shirkuh launched surprise attack on Alexandria
Then moved to Cairo with inconclusive victory
Amalric did get to keep his troops stationed in Cario
Amalric getting tribute from Egypt made Shawar very unpopular
Caliph asked Nureddin for help
Shirkuh and his nephew, Saladin, lead army to Egypt
Amalric had done the same but massacred Bilbays
this lead ppl in Cairo to defend themselves strongly
Amalric realised he could be caught between the two forces so withdrew
Shirkuh entered Cairo and was proclaimed Vizier
New Vizier, Shirkuh, died
Caliph made Saladin Vizier
A lot of Nureddin's army did not like this so left
1169: joint Frankish-Byzantine attack failed because supplies ran out
Relationship between Saladin and Nureddin
Joined to attack some Frankish castles but rarely worked together
Saladin gained control of Egypt by putting family members in key positions
Nureddin tried to stop this by withdrawing his army from Egypt
Nureddin got suspicious of the small revenue passed on by Saladin so sent in tax inspectors
Two armies were ready for conflict but this was stopped by Nureddin's death in 1174
The Growth of Jihad
Nureddin was successful at promoting himself as a Mujahid
was a very able general and courageous fighter
was also personally pious
went on pilgrimage in 1162
Used propagandists to spread his message
promoted one religion - Sunni Islam
would defeat those who were of a different faith of heretical within Islam
wanted to unite all Muslims against Franks using Jihad
His methods in promoting Jihad
built religious houses, educational establishments (madrasa), hospices, hospitals etc.
imprint of just and fair rule
organised public readings in mosques
these emphasied the virtues of Jerusalem
also had a section commending Nureddin's achievements
Poems and books
won over sympathy of Muslim Public
forced other leaders to support him
Personal piety
made a virtue out of poverty
this would be used by his propganadists
also abolished many taxes
renounced alcohol
wore plain clothes that outwardly showed his piety
prayed that every battle would be won for Islam