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Reproductive System (Female Reproductive System (Oogenesis (process of…

- - - - low levels causes release of FSH
      - high levels cause release of LH and GnRH
      - Thickening of uterine wall
      - breast development
      - skeletal muscle growth and bone thickening
      - widening of hips
      - appearance of bodily hair
      - increase in fat beneath the skin
      - onset on menses
  - - - stimulates the development and growth of the lining of the uterine wall to get ready for implantaion
- - - - tightly coiled structures
      - function as sperm-producing factories
      - sertoli cells- provide nutrients and supportive function
      - empty sperm into the rete testis
    - - found surrounding seminiferous tubules produce androgens
  - - - outer shell or the capsule surrounding the testes
    - - extention of the capsule that extend into the testis and divide it into lobules
  - - - testes- male primary sex organ
        
        produces sperm (male gametes)
      - ovaries- female primary sex organ
        
        produces ova or eggs (female gametes)
  - - - root- attached to body wall
      - shaft (bod)- free, movable portion of penis, contains three cylindrical columns of erectile tissue
      - glands penis (enlarged tip)- contains urethral opening
- - - - release by anterior pituitary gland in the brain
  - - - deepening of voice
      - increased hair growth
      - enlargement of skeletal muscles
      - thickening of bones
- - - - discharge from penis and/or burning during urination
      - burning and itching around urethral openis of penis
      - pain and swelling in testicles
      - low grade fever due to inflammation of testicles or epididymis
    - - no symptoms
      - white or grey vaginal discharge or burning during urination
      - lower pelvis or abdominal pain (pelvic inflammatory disease or PID)
      - low grade fever due to infection as infection progresses
  - - - yellow or white discharge from penis
      - burning/pain while urinating
      - frequent urination
      - swollen testicles
    - - yellow or white discharge from vagina
      - burning or pain when urinating
      - bleeding between periods and heavier or more painful periods
      - nausea or fever
      - can be cured with antibiotics
  - - - painful sores at point of contact called chancres
      - chancres can turn to copper-colored skin rashes on hand and feet or cover entire body
    - - fever, headache, loss of appetite
      - symptoms disappear but bacterium remains in body and travels to other organs including brain, eyes, heart etc., causing organ damage
      - can lead to death in 10-30 years due to heart attack or brain damage
- - - - receive a fertilized egg
      - retain the fertilized egg
      - nourishes the fertilized egg
  - - - inner layer
      - allows for implantation of a fertilized egg
      - sloughs off if no pregnancy occurs during menses
    - - middle layer of smooth muscle
    - - outer visceral peritoneum (covering of abdominal organs)
  - - - labia majora- outer fold
      - labia minora- inner fold
    - - enclosed by labia majora
      - contains the opening to the urethra and greater vestibular gland or Bartholin's gland (produce mucus to reduce friction during sexual intercourse)
    - - contains erectile tissue
      - corresponds to male penis
- - - - two cycles:
        
        ovarian cycle
        
        occurs in the ovaries leading to the maturartion and ovulation of the mature oocyte
        
        made up of follicular phase (before ovulation) and luteal phase (after ovulation)
        
        uterine (menstrual) cycle
        
        occurs in the uterus to prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum
        
        made up of menstrual phase, proliferative phase (before ovulation), and secretory phase (after ovulation)
  - - - day 1-14
      - extends from the beginning of menstruation until ovulation
      - FSH causes follicular cells develop into primary follicle
      - follicular cells secrete estrogen to become secondary follicle
    - - day 15-28
      - when follicle expels the oocyte, the empty shell becomes corpus luteum
      - corpus luteum secretes progesterone, some estrogen, and inhibin which suppresses FSH
      - in absence of pregnancy, corpus luteum becomes corpus albicans causing decrease in progesterone and estrogen
      - if pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen
  - - - day 1-5
      - decline of estrogen and progesterone cause the spiral arteries to constrict, cells become ischemic and die, and are sloughed off or shed
      - bleeding lasts for 3-5 days
    - - day 6-14
      - estrogen stimulates growth of blood vessels of the endometrium causing it to double in thickness
      - thickening of endometrium allows ovulated egg to be caught to cause implantation
    - - day 15-28
      - uterine glands enlarge and secrete nutrients to sustain the embryo until implantation occurs
      - n response to rising levels of progesterone by the corpus luteum, the uterus becomes ready for pregnancy
      - if pregnancy does not occur, toward the end of phase, ZLH levels drop due to high levels of progesterone
      - progesterone levels drop following decline in LH, leading into menstrual phase
- - - - small sores or cluster of blisters on penis
    - - blisters in or around the vagina
      - fever and headaches
  - - - warts look like tiny cauliflowers
      - may cause itching, brining but most often do not cause pain
      - warts may be not detected in females because they are located internally
  - - - no symptoms until immune system is activated
      - fever, fatigue (flu-like symptoms)
      - swollen lymph node
      - weight loss
      - opportunistic infection
  - - - a terrible, persisting itch around area
  - - - itching and burning at the opening of vagina and vulva
      - painful frequent urination
      - heavy, unpleasant, frothy, greenish, yellow discharge
    - - no symptoms
      - or discomfort in urethra or inflamed head of penis