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Congenital conditions Atrial and Ventricular Septal defects; Patent…
Congenital conditions
Atrial and Ventricular Septal defects; Patent Ductus Arteriosus; Fallot Tetralogy
Congenital heart defects
AETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
• Viral infections during pregnancy
• Drugs and medication during pregnancy
• Exposure to environmental factors e.g. Pollution
• Excessive consumption of alcohol while pregnant
• Family history of congenital cardiac defect
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Heart defects forms during early pregnancy
Part of heart structures may develop and some may not
The defect vary and may include hole in septum
The formation of abnormal connections of arteries and veins
Defect range in severity from simple problems
Severe malformations can cause heart failure
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE IMPACT OF DEFECT ON CIRCULTION
Cyanotic defect
manifest shortly after birth
Allows deoxygenated blood to circulate to arterial side
Acyanotic defects
There’s no evidence of cyanosis
CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL CARDIAC DEFECTS
Blood flow -
conditions causing increase in blood flow
Conditions causing decrease in blood flow
Conditions causing obstruction to blood flow and mixed defects
Location of defects
septal defect
Heart valves allow blood to flow in one direction
Heart valve defect
Heart valves allow blood to flow in one direction
They open and close passively
valves may not close properly blood is allowed to flow backward
Valves may not open fully (stenosis of the valve)
Blood vessel defect
Are malformations of the heart or its major blood vessels that are present at birth