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Upper Respiratory Tract Disease (Common Cold (Symptoms (Pyrexia, Sore…
Upper Respiratory Tract Disease
Common Cold
Spread by droplets and close personal contact
Incubation is 12h to 5 days
Usually caused by rhinovirus infection
Symptoms
Pyrexia
Sore throat
Malaise
Watery nasal discharge
= Acute coryza
Treatment is symptomatic
Sinusitis
Treatment
Topical corticosteroids e.g. nasal spray to reduce local mucosal swelling
Stream inhalations
Broad spectrum antibiotics e.g. co-amoxiclav
Symptoms
Facial pain and tenderness
Nasal discharge
Frontal headache
Caused by strep. pneumonia or H.influenzae
= Infection of paranasal sinuses
Rhinitis
Perennial
Can be allergic or non-allergic
Symptoms rarely effect eyes or soft palate
Occurs throughout whole year
Nasal polyps may develop leading to nasal obstruction
Diagnosis
Skin pricking test
Measure serum IgE antibody against antigen
Seasonal
Allergy to grass and tree pollen and mould spores
Nasal symptoms, itching of eyes, soft palate
= Hayfever
Treatment
Antihistamine
Steroids in nasal spray
Avoid allergens
= Sneezing attacks, nasal discharge or blockage occurring for more than 1 hour for most days
Acute Pharyngitis
Self limiting, rarely requires symptomatic treatment
Persistent or severe pharyngitis implies bacterial infection e.g. haemolytic strep, staph. aureus
Sore throat + fever
Treat bacterial infection with penicillin or erythromycin if allergic
Usually caused by adenoviruses
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Inflammatory oedema involving larynx - leads to hoarse voice, barking cough (croup)
Tracheitis = Burning retrosternal pain
Symptoms are most severe when <3 yrs
Treat with oxygen, oral/IM corticosteroids and nebulized adrenaline
Infection with a parainfluenza virus or measles virus