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Why was the fourth crusade diverted to Constantinople? (Leadership (Pope…
Why was the fourth crusade diverted to Constantinople?
Lack of crusader numbers = financial crisis
Treaty of Venice = needed (I think) 30,000 participants
only managed to muster 1/3 of projected number of crusaders = fell short of 35,000 marks
had to divert to Zara and then Constantinople to finance the 85,000 marks they owe to Venice
Leadership
Pope Innocent III
when he heard Constantinople fell to the crusaders, he congratulated them (this was before he knew about the pillaging)
reunion of church and subjugation of orthodox was clear aim of Pope
1202 threatened Alexius III with the crusade diverting to Constantinople
Enrico Dandalo
He had a role in creating the Treaty of Venice = over ambitious
asked crusaders to divert to Zara in November 1202 for profitable trading rights
anti-venetian pogroms in constantinople in 1171 = Venice may have wanted revenge
Geoffrey Villeharduoin
had role in overestimation of numbers
agreement of envoys to attack Zara
Boniface
Alexius Angelus
Hagenau plot
Sought help of his sister and her husband Philip of Swabia,
Meeting at Hagenau = basis of plot for deliberately diverting crusaders to Constantinople
Boniface was there
1201 Alexius Angelus escaped captivity
Meeting the crusaders at Zara
Jan 1203: met crusaders at Zara and promised financial and military aid in exchange for them placing him in power
Crusaders agreed because of their financial crisis
Crusaders placed Alexius Angelus and his father Isaac in July 1203
Failure to fulfill his agreement
Alexius failed to fund the full amount of money he had promised
This meant that crusaders were growing impatient whilst anti-latin byzantines saw Alexius as western puppet
coup = murdered in february in 1204
crusaders sacked Constantinople in April 1204