Maker Education

Andragogy (Self-Directed Learning)

Pedagogy (Teacher-Led Learning)

Heutagogy (Self-Determined Learning)

DEPENDENCE: Leaners depends on their teacher. Teachers will decide on what, how, when and where anything is learned.

Reasons For Learning: Learners take little or no responsibility in their learning because they place their trust in their teacher and efficacy of linear sequential learning.

Focus of Learning: Subject centered and prescribed curricular

Motivation For Learning: Derived from external source. Eg: parents, teachers, sense of competition.

Role Of Teacher: Design the learning process, provides the materials to help the teachers to achieve the learning process.


Dependence: the learners are independent enough to strive their autonomy in learning, to arrive at a destination that has been determine by other. They are the 'problem solvers'

Reasons for Learning: Learners will seek for guidance/mentorship, but aspire to increase the responsibility fir the direction of their learning.

Focus Of Learning: Goal- driven, focusing on tasks, which allow for cross-disciplinary thinking and autonomy.

Motivation For Learning: The learners get their motivation by the enjoyment that comes after they successfully completed their challenges.

Role Of Teachers: Facilitator - set tasks but encourages diverse routes to solutions for the learners to think of. pursues meta-cognition in learners.

Dependence: The learners already know their destination and become interdependent on those who can help them with their work. They also become a 'problem finder'

Reasons For Learning: Learners fully accept the responsibility for their learning and welcoming challenge and serendipity. their learning is not necessarily sequential or linear.

Focus Of Learning: enquirydriven - they take a long-term view of their learning, seeking further complexity and uncertainty.

Motivation For Learning: Learners find motivation when they seek out unfamiliar situations and gaining of adaptive compentencies.

Role of Teachers: Coach - brings together the opportunity, context, external relevance and extended complexity.