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Unit 9: Developmental Psychology (Infancy and Childhood: Social…
Unit 9: Developmental Psychology
Gender Development
Agression
Gender Identity
Social Learning Theory
Gender Typing
Transgender
Gender Role
Three Major Issues
Continuity vs. Stages
Stability vs. Change
Nature vs. Nuture
Adolescence
G. Stanley Hall
Childhood to Adulthood/ Puberty to Independence
Life-Span Perspective
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Embryo
Fetus
Zygotes
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Teratogens
The Competent Newborn
Habituation
Other Psychologists
Kohlberg
Moral Responsibility
1) Preconventional Morality (before age 9) - Self-Interest
2) Conventional Morality (early adolescence) -Uphold laws/gain approval and social order
3) Postconventional Morality (adolescence and beyond) - Ethically correct principles and actions reflect belief in basic rights
Haidt - moral paradoxes and quick "gut feelings"
Erikson
Psychosocial Development
Basic Trust
1) Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy 0-1) - Hope
2) Autonomy vs. Shame (Early Child 1-3) - Will
3) Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age 3-5) - Purpose
4) Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age 5-12) - Competency (Success)
5) Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence 12-18) - Fidelity (Faithfulness)
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adult 18-40) - Love
7) Generativity vs. Stagnation (Adulthood 40-65) - Care
8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Maturity 65+) - Wisdom
Ainsworth
Secure/ Insecure Attachment
Temperament - reactivity and intensity
Critical Period
Imprinting
Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development
Maturation
Brain Development
Motor Development
Brain Maturation and Infant Memory
Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget
Cognitive
Schema
Assimilation
Accommodation
4 Stages
Sensorimotor
from birth to 2 years old
Object Permanence
Preoperational
Conservation
Egocentrism
from 2 to 6 or 7 years old
Concrete Operational
from 6 or 7 to 11 years old
Formal Operational
final stage
Abstract thinking and full blown logic
Theory of Mind
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Forming an Identity
Identity - our sense of self
Social Identity - the "we" aspect
Intimacy - close loving relationships
Lev Vygotsky
Scaffolding
"Zone of Proximal Development"
Infancy and Childhood: Social Development
Body Contact
Harry and Margaret Harlow
Contact Comfort
Stranger Anxiety
Attachment
Familiarity
Critical Period
Imprinting
Attachment Differences: Temperament and Parenting
Mary Ainsworth
Temperament
Attachment Styles and Later Relationships
Erik Erikson
Basic Trust
Deprivation of Attachment
Day Care
Self-Concept
Parenting Styles
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Culture and Child Raising
Individualistic Societies
Collective Societies
Sexual Development
Secondary Sex Characteristics
nonreproductive sexual traits
male - voice/ body hair
female - breasts/lips
Primary Sex Chararcteristics
body structures for reproduction
ovaries, testes, and external genitalia
Cognitive Development
Cross-Sectional Studies
different ages compared with one another
Longitudinal Studies
same person is restudied and retested over time
Harlow Experiment
Bred Monkeys separate from mothers
"Contact Comfort"
Key to attachment
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