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nonvascular plants: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts (division Bryophyta…
nonvascular plants: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
characteristics of nonvascular plants
embryophytes that don't have vascular tissue
gametophyte is larger
true parenchyma
growth from apical meristem
heteromorphic generations
cycle
thrive in microhabitats
hornworts
division Bryophyta: mosses
the gametophyte generation
ubiquitous
morphology
gametophores
leafy stems
grow from apical meristems
cuticle occurs on upper
increasing photosynthetic tissue
water transport
hydroids
cells that conduct water and dissolved minerals
leptoids
resemble sieve cells
majority of mosses lack hydroids and leptoids
rhizoids
penetrate surface of substrate
dont absorb water
The sporophyte generation
foot
absorbs sugar, water and minerals
seta
between foot and sporangium
operculum
cap like lid
peristome teeth
respond humidity
opening when air is dry
closing when humid
calptra
growth
metabolism and ecology
small size and lack of conducting tissue
critical factors
size protects them from flucuations in weather
division hepatophyta: liverworts
gametophyte generation
leafy liverworts
resembles moss
no conducting tissue
three rows
two larger than the other
thallose liverworts
less resemblance to mosses
flat
air pores
large
open to exterior
antheradiophore
umbrella shaped outgrowth
sporophyte generation
liverworts
small plants that have alternations of heteromorphic generations
division anthocerotophyta: hornworts
gametophyte generation
thin
4 to 5 cells thick
ribbon or disc shaped
single large chloroplast
each cell
sporophyte generation
1 to 12 cm long
spores
yellow
brown
golden
black
green
multicellular columella
