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seed plants I: seed plants without flowers (division coniferophyta:…
seed plants I: seed plants without flowers
division progymnospermophyta: progymnosperms
aneurophytales
small and tall
vascular cambium
secondary growth
archaeopteridales
derived progymnosperm
archaeorteris
8.4m tall
pith surround by ring of primary xylem
evolution of seeds
integument
megasporangium surround by tissue
micropyle
hole in integument
permitted sperm cells to swim to egg
division coniferophyta: conifers
all trees are large
always simple
simple needles
scales
one or two large veins
transfusion tissue
facilitates the transfer of material
seed cones
compound cones
cone bracts
axillary bud that bears megasporophylls
megas form ovuliferous scale
division pteridosspermophyta: seed ferns
earliest seed fern
Upper devonian period
thought to have come from aneurophytales
three ribbed protostele
wood
softer
less dense
division cycadophyta: cycads
confused with ferns
stout trunk
pinnately leaves
similar to seed fern internally
instead cycads produce
seed cone
pollen cone
prefer warm climates
division cycadeoidophyta: cycadeoids
all extinct
vegetative features similar to cycads
cycadeoids
contain
microsporophylls
megasporangium
curved upwards
division ginkgophyta: maidenhair tree
weird characteristics
appears like a large dicot
stout trunk
many branches
wood like confier
lacks vessels
large broad leaves
no cones produced
ovules produced in pairs instead
female trees
butyric acid
foul odor
division gnetophyta
three groups
gnetum
30 species
mostly vines
broad leaves
native to warm, moist environements
ephedra
40 species
dry, arid environements
tough shrub
welwitschia
only species
exist only in deserts
short, wide stem
