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vascular plants without seeds (the megaphyll line of evolution:…
vascular plants without seeds
early vascular plants
rhyniophytes
equal dichotomous branching
branches equal size
end of branches swollen
large multicellular masses
xylem structure of early vascular plants
xylem with no pith
protostele
end arch protostele
located in center
xylem edge with metaxylem
zosterophyllophytes
small herb
no secondary growth
distinct characteristics
sporangia were lateral
sporangia open transversely
xylem was an exarch protostele
the megaphyll line of evolution: euphyllophytes
trimerophytes
trimerophton
psilophyton
pertica
overtopping
different sized branching
pseudomonopodial branching
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single main trunk
origin of megaphylls
distinct homoplasic structures
leaves on gametophytes
enations of zosterophyllophyts
megaphylls
telomere theory
megaphyll evolution
equisetophytes
15 extant species
horsetails
scouring rushes
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no secondary growth
usually less than 1m tall
small leaves
little vascular tissue
ferns
dominate earth at present
leptosporangiate ferns
can be found in most habitats
moist
shady
forests
lakesides
unusual
dry, hot deserts
floating on water
form underwater
single axis sporophyte
leaf trace at each node
leaf gap
region between leaf trace and siphonostele
the term "vascular Crytogams"
a grade
a level of evolutionary advancement
the microphyll line of evolution: lycophytes
morphology
enations were large
increased photosynthesis
single well developed vascular tissue
could not grow thicker than 10cm
heterospory
sporangia clustered together
cones
strobili
protection
dominated earth
extensive forest
large trees
extant genera
small herbs
contain prostrate rhizomes
true roots
short upright branches
selaginellas
ligule
small flap on upper surface'
