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CH. 42 &44 (Open Circulatory System (hemolymph (blood mixed w…
CH. 42 &44
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Single circulation
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blood goes from the ventricle to the gill capillaries then the oxygenated blood goes to the body then goes back to the heart
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Double circulation
systemic circuit
begins w left side pumping oxygen-rich blood from gas exchange tissues to the capillary beds in the organs and tissues in the body
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Animals with less complex body plans only have cavities filled with fluid instead of circulatory systems.
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Gills , which have to be under water allow for the animal to obtain oxygen through the water that flows through them
tracheal systems are common in insects which is a network of air tubes that branch throughout the body part of them on the outside of the body which move oxygen into thinner parts that allow for diffusion
osmosis- the diffusion of water across a permeable membrane; goes from lower to higher concentration
fresh water organisms have an osmolarity higher than the water surrounding it causing them to gain water causing them to excrete a lot of liquid waste
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Ammonia- a nitrogenous waste that most aquatic animals, like bony, fish secrete because they need access to a lot of water since ammonia can only be tolerated at a low level
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Uric acid- a nitrogenous waste that birds and other reptiles, insects, and land snails, energetically more expensive
kidneys- excretory system organ that filter liquid waste and functions in both osmoregulation and excretion
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distal tubule- reabsorbs calcium, sodium and regulates the pH of urine
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