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Under Nutrition - Malnutrition (Who is most at risk? (Children <2,…
Under Nutrition - Malnutrition
Occurs when a person is not getting enough food or not getting the proper amounts of micronutrients to meed daily nutritional requirments
Prevention
Improve water supply, sanitation and hygiene
Ensure nutrition food security foor poor households in quantity and quality
Provide adequate nutrition for mothers and children
Promote early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding through to 6 months
Stunting, underweight and wasting is caused by long term undernutrition
The most undernourished children are in Asia (India) and SSA (Nigeria)
Who is most at risk?
Children <2
Foetus
Pregnant and lactating women
Poverty / emergency situations
Elderly
Chronic infections
Hospitalised
Low birth weight babies un 2.5kg are more likely to suffer malnutrition, contract infection and die from illness
Under 5 mortality is declining
2010 64% child death due to infectious diseases. 2017 <60%
40% deaths during neonatal period. under nutrition contributes to over 1/3 child deaths. Complication of preterm birth, sepsis, meningitis. Leading cause of death in older children is pneumonia and diarrhoea
Acute undernutrition (wasting) – a multi-deficiency state that includes a range of
conditions.
The most severe types are
Marasmus
Kwashiorkhor
Marasmic kwashiorkhor
Case fatality rates of 20-30% are typical for severely malnourished <5s
Hypoglycaemia
Hypothermia
Dehydration
Septic shock
Infections
Kawashiorkor - treated with low protein diet. Common post weaning. Kwash more common in areas with high cassava, plantain, yam, rice consumption. Cause largely unknown - but NOT protein deficiency
No difference in diet of children that develop
marasmus or kwash. Children with marasmic kwash ‘recover’ to become
marasmic
Chronic is long term (growth failure) and acute is short term (weight loss)