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Chapters 42 & 44 (Circulation and Gas Exchange (Gas Exchange (Lungs,…
Chapters 42 & 44
Circulation and Gas Exchange
Circulatory System Link Cells Throughout the Body
Gastrovascular Cavities
Open and Closed Circulatory Systems
Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
Single Circulation
Double Circulation
Coordinated Cycles of Heart Drive Circulation
Mammalian Circulation
Mammalian Heart
Maintaining Rhythm
Patterns of Blood Pressure and Flow
Blood Vessel Structure & Function
Blood Flow Velocity
Blood Pressure
Changes in Blood Pressure
Regulation of Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure and Gravity
Capillary Function
Lymphatic System Fluid Return
Blood Components
Blood Composition and Function
Plasma
Cellular Elements
Leukocytes
Platelets
Stem Cells and Replacement of Extracellular Elements
Blood Clotting
Cardiovascular Disease
Atherosclerosis, Heart attacks & Stroke
Risk Factors and Treatment
Gas Exchange
Partial Pressure Gradients
Respiratory Media
Respiratory Surfaces
Gills in Aquatic Animals
Tracheal Systems in Insects
Lungs
Mammalian Respiratory systems
Breathing Ventilates the Lungs
Amphibian Breathing
Bird Breathing
Mammal Breathing
Control of Breathing in Humans
Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Coordination of Circulation and Gas Exchange
Respiratory Pigments
Carbon Dioxide Transport
Osmoregulation and Excretion
Osmoregulation Balance
Osmosis & Osmolarity
Osmoregulatory Challenges and Mechanisms
Marine Animals
Freshwater Animals
Animals That Live in Temporary Waters
Land Animals
Energetics of Osmoregulation
Transport Epithelia and Osmoregulation
Nitrogenous Wastes
Forms of Nitrogenous Waste
Urea
Uric Acid
Ammonia
Influence of Evolution and Environment on Nitrogenous Wastes
Excretory Systems
Excretory Processes
Survey of Excretory Systems
Metanephridia
Malpighian Tubules
Kidneys
Nephrons Organized for Processing of Blood Filtrate
From Blood Filtrate to Urine
Solute Gradients and Water Conservation
Concentrating Urine in the Mammalian Kidney
Adaptations of the Vertebrate Kidney
Mammals
Freshwater Fishes and Amphibians
Birds and Reptiles
Marine Bony Fishes
Hormone Circuits
Homeostatic Regulations of the Kidney
Antidiuretic Hormone
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Coordinated Regulation