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Pulmonary Embolism (Risk Factors (Prolonged bed rest/reduced mobility,…
Pulmonary Embolism
Risk Factors
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Pregnancy, postpartum, oral contraceptive pill, HRT
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Recent surgery: especially abdominal, pelvic, hip, knee
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Investigations
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Chest X-ray: dilated pulmonary artery, small pleural effusion
D-dimer test: negative D dimer excludes PE but positive doesn't mean it's PE, further imaging is needed
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ECG can show tachycardia, RBBB
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Treatment
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If haemodynamically unstable, then thromboylse with alteplase IV
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Pathophysiology
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Small embolus will impact in a terminal, peripheral pulmonary vessel - may be clinically silent unless it causes pulmonary infarction
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Lung tissue is ventilated but not perfused, leads to impaired gas exchange
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Aetiology
Clot breaks off and passes through the veins and right heart before lodging in the pulmonary circulation
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