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Occupational Lung Diseases (Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis (Treatment…
Occupational Lung Diseases
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis
The coal dust is ingested by macrophages which die, releasing enzymes and causing fibrosis
Asymptomatic but coexisting chronic bronchitis is common
Results from inhalation of coal dust particles over 15-20yrs
Chest X-ray: many round opacities, especially in upper zone
A common dust disease in underground coal mines
Treatment
Treat co-existing chronic bronchitis
Claim compensation (Industrial Injuries Act)
Avoid coal dust exposure
Progressive Massive Fibrosis
Chest X-ray: upper zone fibrotic masses, usually bilateral from periphery to hilum
Avoid exposure to coal dust
There is progressive dyspnoea, fibrosis, cor pulmonale
Claim compensation
Due to progression of CWP
Silicosis
Progressive dyspnoea + increased incidence of TB
Chest X-ray: Diffuse nodular pattern in upper zones. Egg shell calcification of hilar nodes
Jobs: metal mining, stone quarrying, sandblasting, pottery manufacture
Spirometry: restrictive ventilatory defect
Caused by inhalation of silica particles which are very fibrogenic
Avoid exposure to silica and claim compensation
Asbestosis
The degree of asbestos exposure is related to the degree of pulmonary fibrosis
Signs
Fine end inspiratory crackles
Pleural plaques
Increased risk of bronchial adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma
Clubbing
Progressive dyspnoea
Asbestos was commonly used in fire proofing, pipes, roofing felt and electrical wire insulation
Treat symptoms and claim compensation
Caused by inhalation of asbestos fibres. Blue asbestos is the most fibrogenic
Byssinosis
Tightness of chest, cough and dyspnoea within 1 hour of being in the mill
Symptoms start first day back at work and improve throughout week
Due to endotoxins in bacteria in raw cotton - causes constriction of airways of lung
There are no chest x-ray changes
Occurs in cotton mill workers
Berylliosis
When beryllium is inhaled, it causes a systemic illness similar to sarcoidosis
Progressive dyspnoea
Beryllium-copper alloy is used in the aerospace industry, atomic reactors and in electrical devices
Pulmonary fibrosis