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STIs (Genital Herpes (Symptoms (Red areas around genitals, Itching or…
STIs
Genital Herpes
How it's transmitted
It can be transmitted by skin to skin contact (kissing, sexual intercourse, oral sex, any contact with the genitals, and in women it could potentially be passed down to her baby if she is pregnant).
Symptoms
Red areas around genitals
Itching or tingling around genitals
Small blisters that can open and cause painful sores (May be inside a womens urethra)
Pain while urinating
Flu like symptoms
Long term effects
Recurrent genital sores
Psychological distress
When passed down from the women, a baby can get a potential infection.
Prevention
The only way to be sure not to get herpes is to abstain from sexual contact
Another way that can you can be sure not to get it is to be in a long term relationship with someone that you know has been checked for herpes by a doctor
Consistent use of condoms can also help since the latex acts as a barrier, but it is not as preventful
Treatment
Herpes is untreatable so the affected person will have it for the rest of their life, but antiviral medications can shorten/prevent outbreaks
How it can be tested
PCR Tests and cell culture
These tests can tell if you have herpes even if you don't have symptoms. They looks for pieces of the virus's DNA in a sample taken from cells or fluids from a genital sore or the urinary tract. It is the most accurate and common way to get tested.
Blood tests
Blood tests can detect the HSV antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection. If the virus is present in the sample, the antibodies stick to it and glow when viewed under a special microscope. But, it may take weeks for antibodies to occur.
Gonorrhea
How is it transmitted?
Gonorrhea can be contracted through oral, anal, or vaginal sex with someone who has Gonorrhea. A pregnant woman can pass on the infection to her child during birth.
Symptoms in men
A burning sensation when urinating;
A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis;
Painful or swollen testicles (although this is less common).
Symptoms in Women
Painful or burning sensation when urinating;
Increased vaginal discharge;
Vaginal bleeding between periods.
Symptoms in both
Discharge;
Anal itching;
Soreness;
Bleeding;
Painful bowel movements.
Long Term Effects
If the disease is treated it will go away, but any damage already done cannot be reversed
If Gonorrhea is left untreated, women can get pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Some symptoms of this include-
Formation of scar tissue that blocks fallopian tubes
Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb
Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain
If Gonorrhea is left untreated in men then-
It can cause a painful condition in the tubes attached to the testicles
It may cause a man to be sterile, or prevent him from being able to father a child.
For either gender, untreated Gonorrhea can-
Spread to the blood or joints and be life threatening
Increase chances of HIV contraction
Prevention
Abstain from sexual intercourse
use reliable condoms
Researchers are developing a device that can be inserted in the vagina to help prevent gonorrhea from being spread
Treatment -
antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, azithromycin, and doxycycline are used to treat Gonorrhea. CDC recommends dual therapy, or using two drugs, to treat gonorrhea – a single dose of 250mg of intramuscular ceftriaxone AND 1g of oral azithromycin
How is it tested for?
This can be tested for by urine samples, swabs of the throat or rectum, or through swabs of the woman's cervix or man's urethra.
Syphilis
Long Term Effects
If untreated, syphilis remains in your body and may begin to damage the internal organs, including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.
In 1/10 people with untreated syphilis, the above effects will show up years later in the tertiary stage of syphilis and the damage done could lead to death.
Prevention
The only way to completely prevent syphilis is to abstain from any sexual activity.
Wearing latex condoms can help reduce the risk, but won't completely eliminate the chances of getting syphilis
Symptoms
Syphilis sores (chancres) found on/in-
Penis
Mouth
Anus
Rectum
Vagina
How it's transmitted
Direct contact with a syphilis sore during vaginal, oral, or anal sex
Treatment
Can be cured with a single shot on penicillin in the early stages.
A course of antibiotics may be used in the later stages.
Other drugs may be used if someone is allergic to penicillin
How its tested:
Diagnosis is done through a blood test
Swabs may be taken if there are sores (chancres)
Regular testing every three months is recommended for those who are sexually active
Chlamydia
Long term effects
Men rarely have health problems from chlamydia. Infection sometimes spreads to the tube that carries sperm from the testicles, causing pain and fever
Treatment
Chlamydia can be cured with the right treatment. It is important that you take all of the medication your doctor prescribes to cure your infection.
How is it Transmitted?
You can get chlamydia by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone with chlamydia.Also chlamydia can get passed down from the mother during birth.
Symptoms
Female
An abnormal vaginal discharge;
A burning sensation when urinating.
Male
A discharge from their penis;
A burning sensation when urinating;
Pain and swelling in one or both testicles
Most people who have chlamydia have no symptoms. If you do, they may not appear until several weeks after you intercourse with an infected partner.Also even with no symptoms it can damage your reproductive system