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Philosophy of Social Science (Rational Choice Theory (Rationality through…
Philosophy of Social Science
Rational Choice Theory
Is suicide rational?
Anthropology
self-harm as a protest or as a complaint in people's lives
dialogue suicide
individual is seeking to make some kind of point
suicide ceases to be an individual act and now entails the involvement of others
gender relations suicide
passionate and angry suicide
monologue suicide
individuals are only wishing to die and not to involve another
emotions quoted as suicide mark separation from social life; solitary behaviour divorced from social concerns
silence and solitude as manifestations of estrangement from society and as suicide motivation
melancholy suicide
suicide as a socially legitimate form of redress used by people in the face of specific problems
assisted suicide and euthanasia
justification and rationality
argument from autonomy
argument from compassion
argument from the evil of suffering
argument from the loss of dignity
the person committing suicide is considered unreasonable but sometimes pitiful
socio-psychological interpretation
stress and why it should not lead to suicide
stress is never a sufficient reason in itself
suicide as the result of stress and emotional pressure combined with conscious, rational, albeit faulty, thinking
ethno-psychiatric interpretation
aggression
aggression against another person will be redirected against self
Psychology
reasons reflect high emotional distress
attempts attributed to an effort to make others feel better
difference in suicide attempts
nonsuicidal parasuicide - to express anger, self-punishment
parasuicide - excessive negative emotions
reduce aversive internal states/emotion relief
involve the intent to make others better off
an erroneous belief individuals need to reconcile
death arguably justified to achieve higher-order goal
reduce suffering
rationality?
terminal illness - to avoid unbearable suffering
arguments
respect for individual autonomy
rational assessment of utility
suicide occurs in the presence of altered mental states
impair rationality
Sociology
Social Integration Model
altruistic suicide
generally marked by support from public opinion
often marked by positive emotionality
sense of purpose
abnormally excessive societal integration that one loses individuality
individual commits suicide for something they love better than themselves
occurs in primitive societies and military
optional suicide
suicide not as a duty, but supported by public opinion
mild approval of the public as a consequence
acute altruistic suicide
individuals attempt to achieve nirvana
suicide to join a pleasant world after death
honor and admiration as consequences
obligatory suicide
suicide as a duty
glory and honor as consequences
condemned to hell if refused
military suicide
mild and understandable
lack of subordination to group life assumed to have less meaningful lives
increased suicide risk
egoistic suicide
suicide varies inversely with the degree of integration
political society
domestic society
religious society
Philosophy
questions:
is suicide permissible?
yes
is it morally ideal?
is it permissible to help another to end their life?
no
it is IRRATIONAL :red_cross:
was the person mentally competent to be responsible for committing the act?
yes
it is RATIONAL in some cases :check:
it is IRRATIONAL for a rational & fully competent adult to end their lives :red_cross:
no
it is IRRATIONAL :red_cross:
frameworks:
theological framework
always and everywhere IRRATIONAL :red_cross:
libertarian framework
always and everywhere RATIONAL :check:
consequentialist framework
consequences vary, RATIONALITY varies
Kantian framework
it is IRRATIONAL :red_cross:
except in three instances:
a. where one’s future life will involve a complete loss of rational autonomy due to some degenerative disorder
c. where it is the only way to avoid a future that is degrading and contrary to one’s deepest values
b. where it helps to avoid gross irremediable pain
action taken through informed deliberation and not through emotion
Rationality through Clarke (1999)
conditions for a rational decision
full knowledge of the options and consequences
temporary desires inconsistent with fundamental values
task to judge rationality
weigh risks and benefits of utility
gain all facts and 'imagine' consequences
even though life might be experienced as intolerable, no rational consideration of alternatives can be made
others argue that death is knowable
nature of existence/non-existence after death important in rational assessment of the relative quality of existence
good gained through suicide
freedom from pain or suffering
in most situations, to end one's life under persistent physical/mental pain cannot be rational
sensitive to cognitive and affective dispositions
another life for which the good can be considered
when the stakes are high (irreversibility), requirement for rationality is high
autonomy
extreme form: right to commit suicide, related to human dignity, is a fundamental human right
no room for utilitarian concerns
autonomous act - act without coercion, based on reason and consideration, consistent with moral code and personal values
impaired in the situation of physucal and mental illness
Group D
Araga, Rommel S.J.
Cajuigan, Coleen Paula O.
de Leon, Aemel Janae C.
Miñoria, Vera Yael P.