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Working with Data (Practical reports (Materials - list of everything you…
Working with Data
Practical reports
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Procedure - METHOD, everything you are going to do
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Purpose - AIM, what you are trying to achieve
Review - Discussion, discuss your experiment
Heading - title, date, name
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URLs
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.edu - URLs ending in .edu indicate that the website is hosted by an educational institution such as a school, college, university or even kindy.
.gov.au - Governments have multiple sites ranging from health, finance, immigration and the arts to science.
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Ethical guidelines
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- be careful: avoid silly mistakes
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- be respectful: respect the work of others
- take care of the environment: chemicals can be harmful to the environment
- take care of all animals: do not carry out unnecessary experiments on animals
Types of errors
Parallax errors - this is caused when you read the instrument at a slight angle. This is because your eye can never be exactly over the markings of a measuring device. Everyone looks at markings from slightly different angles so everyone will take slightly different measurement.
Reading errors - measurements often fall between the markings of a measuring device. This is when you need to estimate your measurements and different people make slightly different estimations.
Instrument errors - sometimes an instrument may be faulty and will never give correct (right) reading. Some instruments give correct readings only at certain temperatures and will give small errors if used at a different temperature.
Zero errors - an instrument such as a beam balance or electronic balance should read zero when nothing is placed on it. If it doesn't read zero then everything you measure will be a little out and all measurement will have a zero error.
Human reflex - a stopwatch typically reads to one-hundredth of a second (0.01). The best human reaction time is around 0.11 second therefore stopwatches are more accurate then us. Everyone has different reflex times and so everyone will stop the timer at sightly different measurement.
Data
Primary - (first hand data) data that you and your group have personally collected from and experiment or study you have conducted. You have personally recorded the measurements.
Secondary - (second hand data) data that comes from the works of other people. Data that you can use as evidence. There is different sources for this information - TV, internet, journal articles, videos and encyclopaedias.
Types of data
Quantitative - (amount) measurements written as numbers with units. Examples include 2228m above sea level, temperature in degrees Celsius.
Qualitative - (giving a picture) describing data using words. Examples include type of rock, flora and fauna present.
Ethics - The study of what is right and wrong. It also incorporates being honest and truthful while displaying respect. Scientist need to be ethical and can do this by creating a resource list.
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