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SCIENCE WORKING WITH DATA (TYPES OF DATA (QUANTITIVE ((amount)…
SCIENCE WORKING WITH DATA
DATA
Data is the answer to the question you asked when you made your hypothesis
Data is useful so you can know the answer to your hypothesis, it also provides evidence
Data is the term given to all the observations and measurement that can be used to describe something
TYPES OF DATA
QUANTITIVE
(amount) measurements written as numbers with units
QUAILITATIVE
(Giving a picture) describing data using words
PRIMARY DATA
(First hand data) data that you and your team have personally recorded the measurements
SECONDARY DATA
(Second hand data) data that comes from the works of other people. data that you can reference and use as evidence
COLLECTING YOUR OWN DATA
WHEN COLLECTING YOUR OWN DATA YOU WILL FING ERRORS AND MAKE MISTAKES
MISTAKES- are things that can be avoided if you take care (HUMAN ERROR)
ERRORS- are NOT mistakes. ERRORS are small and unavoidable variations or changes that occur
ERRORS
PARALLAX ERRORS- this is caused when you read the instrument at a slight angle. this is because you eye can never be exactly over the markings of a measuring device. everyone looks at things from a slightly different angle/way
READING ERRORS- measurements often fall between the markings of a measuring device. This is when you need to estimate you measurement and different people make slightly different estimations
INSTRUMENT- sometimes an instrument may be faulty and will never give the correct (right) reading. Some instruments give correct readings only at certain temperatures and will give small errors if used at a different temperatures.
ZERO ERRORS- an instrument such as a beam balance or electronic balance should read zero when nothing is balanced on it If it doesn't read zero before you place the object on it, your results will be a little out and all measurement will be a zero error
HUMAN REFLEX- a stop watch typically reads to one-hundredth of a second(0.01 seconds).
ETHICS
THE STUDY OF IS RIGHT AND WHAT IS WRONG. IT ALSO INCORPORATES BEING HONEST AND TRUTHFUL WHILE DISPLAYING RESPECT
UNITS
When your writing measurements in your results table or spreadsheets, they are only meaningful if you state which units they are measured in.
In science most of our measurements use the metric system or S.I UNITS e.g. cm, ml, l, m
GRAPHS
BAR AND COLOUMN GRAPHS
a bar graph are used for when we have data that involves DISCRETE quantities. Discrete indicates groups of something. Examples include colours, sex (M/F), shapes, age and height
PIE CHART
A pie chart is used when we have data that is given as a percentage or a proportion. examples include attendance, pets, favourites food (based on survey answers)
LINE GRAPHS
A line graph is used when we have data that is continues. Continuous indicates changes with one factor
LINE OF BEST FIT
Most times your data will produce a perfect straight line or curve. Occasionally this does not happen and your data may look like a dot picture.
EXTRAPLOATION- When we extend the line graph beyond its final measured value
INTERPOLATION- Using the data presents to predict or estimate a missing measurement