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Pleural Effusion (Signs (On side of effusion (Stony dull percussion note,…
Pleural Effusion
Signs
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Look for signs of SLE rash, RA, hypothyroidism, cardiac failure
Bronchial breathing: above effusion, where lung is compressed
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Look for signs of malignancy: clubbing, lymphadenopathy
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Investigations
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Send pleural fluid for clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunology and cytology tests
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Aetiology
Transudates
Caused by hypoproteinaemia from: cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, malabsorption
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Caused by raised venous pressure from: cardiac failure, constrictive pericarditis and fluid overload
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Exudates
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Due to increased leakiness of pleural capillaries secondary to infection, inflammation or malignancy
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